MATENDA A ALZHEIMER: KODI NEURON PLASTICITY IKUYENERA KUTI AXONAL NEUROFIBRILLARY DEGENERATION?

New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 313, masamba 388-389, 1985

MATENDA A ALZHEIMER: KODI NEURON PLASTICITY IKUYENERA KUTI AXONAL NEUROFIBRILLARY DEGENERATION?

Kwa Mkonzi: Gajdusek akulingalira kuti kusokonezeka kwa ma neurofilaments ndi maziko a matenda angapo osokonezeka maganizo (nkhani ya March 14). ¹ Kuti afotokoze chifukwa chake ma neuroni ena muubongo amakhudzidwa osati ena, akuwonetsa kuti maselo okhala ndi mitengo yayikulu ya axonal, chifukwa cha zomwe amafunikira kwambiri pamayendedwe a axonal, amakhala pachiwopsezo cha kuwonongeka kwa axoskeletal. Malingaliro a Gajduseks ndi okongola koma amalephera kuwerengera kuti ma neuroni akulu akulu amakhudzidwa pang'ono ndi matenda a Alzheimer's.

Tikukulimbikitsani kuti mapulasitiki a cell komanso kukula kwa mtengo wa axonal angapangitse kuti pakhale mayendedwe a axonal. Mapulasitiki a ma neural cell akhala okhudzana ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana za trophic,² zina zomwe zimayendera ma axonal transport. Chitsanzo choyenera ndi kumera komwe kumapezeka mu septal norepinephrine terminals,³ mwina akutsagana ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa ma neurofilaments atsopano.

Ma neuroni owonetsa kuchuluka kwa pulasitiki mwina amapanga gawo lapansi la kukumbukira ndi kuphunzira; onse ali ndi vuto la Alzheimer's. Njira za Norepinephrine zakhala zikugwirizana ndi maphunziro okhudzana ndi mphotho, 4 ndipo maselo a norephinephrine a locus ceruleus amawonongeka nthawi zina. Matenda a Alzheimer's.5 Alzheimer's degeneration imawononganso malo omwe ma cell a serotonin amachokera ku midbrain raphe,6 ndipo serotonin yaperekedwa ngati mkhalapakati wa classic conditioning.7 Acetylcholine pathways projecting from the nucleus basalis of Meynert to the cortex angakhale ndi udindo. ya latchkey mu zovuta kukumbukira kusungirako ndi kubwezeretsa,8.9 ndipo monga amadziwika bwino, matenda a Alzheimer's amagwirizana ndi kutaya kwa maselowa komanso ma enzymes awo.10 Pa cortical level Alzheimer-type deterioration imakhudza kwambiri neuron m'madera ogwirizana, makamaka hippocampus ndi amygdala, 11 zonse zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri kukumbukira.12 Komanso, kuwonongeka kwa neurofibrillary kumachitika mosankha mu neurons ndi ma axon omwe amalumikiza hippocampus ndi entorhinal cortex.13 Popeza kuti ma neuroni ochokera m'magulu onsewa amapanga mgwirizano wogwirizana ndi encoding ya chidziwitso,14 yomwe imafuna Kuchuluka kwa pulasitiki, kuwonongeka kwawo kumathandizira lingaliro lakuti ma cell omwe amawonetsa pulasitiki kwambiri amatha kusokoneza neurofibrillary.

Kusokonekera kwa njira yoyendetsa pang'onopang'ono ya axonal-transport mu ma neuron okhala ndi pulasitiki wapamwamba kwambiri kungayambitse kusokonezeka kwa kukumbukira kwakukulu, chizindikiro chachikulu cha dementia mosasamala chomwe chimayambitsa. Kusokonekera kwa axonal-filament kumeneku kungapereke maziko a micropathological a ulalo womwe unakhazikitsidwa kale pakati pa microtubular diathesis ndi mtundu wa Alzheimer's. dementia 15,16 ndikumanga pamodzi gulu laling'ono la matenda osokonezeka maganizo.

J. Wesson Ashford, MD, Ph.D.
Lissy Jarvik, MD, Ph.D.

UCLA Neuropsychiatric Institute

Los Angeles, CA 90024