Neurobiology of Addiction: Kuvumbulutsa Udindo wa Ubongo

Introduction 

Kuledzera kumalumikizana ndi matenda omwe amakhudza ubongo wanu. 

Kaya ndi kumwa mapiritsi opweteka omwe mwapatsidwa, kutchova njuga, kapena chikonga, kuthetsa kumwerekera kulikonse sikophweka kuletsa.

Kuledzera nthawi zambiri kumayamba pamene mayendedwe osangalatsa a ubongo amalemedwa m'njira yomwe imatha kukhala yosatha. Nthaŵi zina, mavuto ameneŵa angakhale osatha.

Zikafika pakukonda chizolowezi, izi ndizomwe zimaseweredwa mukakumana ndi dongosolo kapena njira yomwe imayimira gawo la dopamine. 

Mofananamo, munthu akayamba chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, nthawi zambiri zimakhala chifukwa chakuti ubongo wayamba kusintha. Izi zimachitika chifukwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo amatha kuyambitsa kuyankha kwakanthawi akafika ku ubongo. 

Munkhaniyi, mupeza gawo la ubongo mu neurobiology of addiction.

Kodi Neurobiology Of Addiction Ndi Chiyani?

Werengani zambiri za masewera a ubongo ndi zotsatira zake pa ubongo pano.

Zitha kukhala zovuta, koma neurobiology ndiyofunikira pakuwerenga kwa ma cell amitsempha yamanjenje komanso momwe amalumikizirana wina ndi mnzake. 

Mumakonda kukhala finch ndikukoka dzanja lanu kutali mukakhudza chotengera chotentha kapena kumva kuwawa. 

Chifukwa chake, neurobiology imakupangitsani kuti mufufuze momwe ubongo ungakuthandizireni kupanga zisankho mosazindikira komanso mosadziwa.

Kwa zaka zambiri, anthu akhala akukhulupirira kuti kumwerekera ndiko kusankha komanso kulephera kwa makhalidwe abwino. Choncho, kuthetsa nthano makamaka chifukwa cha kusintha kwa kapangidwe ndi ntchito ya ubongo. 

Kodi Ndi Mbali Yanji Ya Ubongo Imene Imayambitsa Kusuta?

Pali zifukwa zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimayambitsa kuledzera, ndipo zina mwa izo ndi:

• Genetics (yomwe imapangitsa pafupifupi 40-60% ya chiopsezo cha kuledzera)
• Thanzi lamalingaliro (makamaka omwe amakumana ndi akuluakulu ndi achinyamata chifukwa ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso kuledzera kuposa anthu ena onse).
• Chilengedwe (pakhomo pamakhala chipwirikiti, makolo ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kusachita bwino m’maphunziro, chisonkhezero cha anzawo, ndi nkhanza)

Kukula kwaposachedwa kwa maphunziro a neurobiology kwawunikira njira yothanirana ndi zizolowezi, makamaka dongosolo la mphotho muubongo. 

Mbali zosiyanasiyana zaubongo zimasokoneza pagawo lililonse lachizoloŵezi choledzeretsa ndipo zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri poyambira kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso kukula kwake.

Pamwamba pa mndandanda ndi mesolimbic dopamine system. Zimatanthawuza njira ya mphotho ya ubongo.

Ili ndiye gawo lofunikira la ubongo lomwe limatipatsa chisangalalo. Pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ubongo umakhala wosakhudzidwa ndi zinthu, makamaka mukamagwiritsa ntchito cocaine, opioid, ndi mowa. Kumapeto kwake kumabweretsa kutulutsidwa kwa dopamine, komwe kumatha kukonzanso khalidwe lanu lokakamizika. 

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala Molakwika Kapena Kuzolowera Kumakhudza Ubongo Wanu 

Mukakhala ndi vuto lokonda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa, zimatha kuchepetsa kwambiri imvi. 

Kusokonezeka kwa mowa kumaphatikizapo kuchepetsa kukula kwa lobe yakutsogolo, dera lomwe limatithandiza popanga zisankho. 

Ngati munthuyo ali kumwa cocaine kwa nthawi yayitali, idzalumikizidwa ndi kuchepetsedwa kwa prefrontal cortex voliyumu. Potsirizira pake, kugwiritsa ntchito opioid kosatha kungakhudze zigawo za ubongo zomwe zimayendetsa ululu. 

Mbali zina za ubongo zomwe zimawonongeka chifukwa cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi:

1. Cerebellum 

Ili ndi udindo wolinganiza ndi luso; kuvulala kwa cerebellum kungayambitse kuyenda, kugwirizanitsa kayendedwe, ndi kulankhula. 

2. Kupsinjika Maganizo

Ngati ubongo umalimbana nthawi zonse kapena kuthawa, munthuyo akhoza kukwiya, kupanikizika, kukwiya, kuda nkhawa, komanso kukhumudwa.

3. Mvuu 

Derali limagwirizanitsa kukumbukira kwanu ndi njira zophunzirira.

Ngati munthuyo wakhala akudya zinthu kwa zaka zambiri, zimatha kukhudza kukumbukira komanso kusunga zinthu zatsopano.

Njira Zochizira 

Kumvetsetsa neurobiology ya kuledzera kwatsegula njira ya njira zatsopano zothandizira. 

Chifukwa chake, kuyang'ana dongosolo la mphotho yaubongo kudzera mukuchitapo kanthu pazamankhwala, monga mankhwala, kumalepheretsa zotsatira za mankhwala ndipo kumatha kuthandizira kuchira. 

Komabe, mutha kupanga Njira Zogwiritsa Ntchito Mindfulness ndi CBT kapena Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. Izi zimathandiza anthu kuyambiranso kuwongolera dongosolo lawo la mphotho ndikuwongolera zilakolako moyenera. 

Ngati mukumva kukakamizidwa kapena mukufuna kuchotsa kuledzera kwa mowa kapena zinthu, musazengereze kukaonana ndi katswiri wa zamaganizo. Izi zidzakupangitsani kuganiza zachinsinsi za momwe wina angakuthandizireni.

Chifukwa chake, kuledzera ndikuphatikizana kovutirapo kwa majini, neurobiology, ndi chilengedwe, ndipo muyenera kuchiza mukangopezeka.