Chithandizo cha Mitundu Yodziwika ya Khansa

Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zathanzi zomwe timakumana nazo masiku ano ndi khansa, gulu la matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kuchulukitsitsa kosalekeza komanso metastasis ya maselo osinthika. Ofufuza ndi akatswiri azachipatala nthawi zonse akuyesera kupeza njira zatsopano zochizira ndi kupewa matendawa, omwe akukhudza mamiliyoni a anthu padziko lonse lapansi. 

Nkhaniyi ifotokoza za makhansa omwe amapezeka kwambiri, momwe amachitidwira, komanso njira zina zatsopano komanso zotsogola. 

Cancer m'mawere

Ngakhale kuti ndizofala kwambiri pakati pa akazi, amuna satetezedwa ku matenda a khansa ya m'mawere. 

Chithandizo cha khansa ya m'mawere nthawi zambiri chimaphatikizapo njira imodzi kapena zingapo zotsatirazi:

• Onse lumpectomy ndi mastectomy ndi mitundu ya opaleshoni yochotsa zotupa (kuchotsa bere lonse).
• Thandizo la radiation ndikugwiritsa ntchito cheza champhamvu kwambiri kuti chithetse ma cell a khansa.
• Mu chemotherapy, mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthetsa maselo a khansa ndi kuchepetsa kukula kwa zotupa.
• Mankhwala othandizira kupewa kukhudzidwa kwa mahomoni pama cell a khansa mukakhala ndi khansa ya m'mawere yokhudzana ndi mahomoni.
• Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza omwe akuwunikiridwa amapangidwa kuti aphe ma cell a khansa ndikuwononga pang'ono minofu yathanzi.
• Immunotherapy ndi njira yochizira khansa yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito chitetezo chamthupi cha wodwalayo.
• Cryoablation, momwe chotupacho chimawumitsidwa kuti chiphe, awa ndi mankhwala atsopano omwe akufufuzidwa.

m'mapapo Cancer

Pakati pa khansa zonse, khansa ya m'mapapo ndi yomwe imafa kwambiri. Moffitt Cancer Center ku Tampa, FL ndi bungwe lomwe lakhala patsogolo pakufufuza ndi chithandizo cha khansa kwa zaka zambiri, kupatsa odwala ndi mabanja awo chiyembekezo.

Njira zochiritsira zomwe zingatheke ndi izi:

• Chotupacho ndi minofu ina ya m'mapapo yoyandikana nayo idzachotsedwa opaleshoni.
• Thandizo la radiation limagwiritsa ntchito kuwala kochokera kunja (radiation yakunja) kapena kuchokera mkati (brachytherapy).
• Chemotherapy ikugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kuti athetse ma cell a khansa ndi/kapena kuchepetsa zotupa.
• Pachithandizo cholunjika, mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulimbana ndi maselo a khansa ya m'mapapo okha omwe ali ndi masinthidwe ena.
• Immunotherapy imatanthawuza mchitidwe wolimbikitsa chitetezo chamthupi kulimbana ndi khansa.
• Photodynamic therapy (yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osamva kuwala kuti aphe maselo a khansa) ndi chithandizo cha majini ndi zitsanzo ziwiri za mankhwala atsopano omwe asayansi akufufuza.

Kansa ya Prostate

Khansara ya Prostate ndiyo khansa yofala kwambiri pakati pa amuna. Mankhwala otsatirawa alipo:

• Opaleshoni: Radical prostatectomy (kuchotsedwa kwa prostate yonse) kapena prostatectomy pang'ono (kuchotsa ziwalo za khansa zokha).
• Chithandizo cha radiation: Ma radiation akunja kapena ma radiation amkati (brachytherapy) angagwiritsidwe ntchito.
• Thandizo la mahomoni: Mankhwala amatha kulepheretsa kupanga testosterone, yomwe imayambitsa khansa ya prostate.
• Chemotherapy: Mankhwalawa amaperekedwa kuti aphe maselo a khansa kapena kuchepetsa zotupa.
• immunotherapy: Chithandizo chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito chitetezo cha mthupi polimbana ndi ma cell a khansa.
• Focal Therapies: Njira zocheperako zomwe zimalunjika ndikuwononga madera ena a khansa mkati mwa prostate.

Khansara ya Colon

Khansara ya colorectal, yomwe imatha kuwononga colon kapena rectum, ndiyofala kwambiri. 

Mwa mankhwala omwe alipo ndi awa:

• Panthawi ya opaleshoni, mbali yomwe yakhudzidwa ya m'matumbo kapena rectum imadulidwa, ndipo minofu yathanzi imasokedwa pamodzi.
• Maselo a khansa amatha kuphedwa ndi kuwala kwamphamvu kwambiri m'njira yotchedwa radiation therapy.
• Chemotherapy ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kuti athetse ma cell a khansa ndi/kapena kuchepetsa zotupa.
• Mankhwala omwe amatsatira masinthidwe ena m'maselo a khansa ya colorectal amadziwika kuti "mankhwala omwe amawatsogolera."
• Mu immunotherapy, chitetezo chamthupi chimaphunzitsidwa kuzindikira ndikuwononga maselo a khansa.

Kupita patsogolo kwa Chithandizo cha Khansa

Chimodzi mwazinthu zotsogola kwambiri pakuchiza khansa ndi mankhwala mwamtundu. Chithandizo chamtunduwu chimakonza mapulani ochizira kutengera momwe wodwalayo alili komanso mawonekedwe ake enieni a khansa, zomwe zitha kupangitsa kuti azitha kulandira chithandizo chogwira mtima komanso chomwe akufuna kuchita monga:

• Chithandizo cha CAR T-cell: Mtundu wa immunotherapy momwe ma T-cell a wodwala (mtundu wa chitetezo cha mthupi) amasinthidwa kuti azindikire ndikuukira maselo a khansa. Njira imeneyi yakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino, makamaka m'mitundu ina ya khansa ya m'magazi.
• Ma biopsies amadzimadzi: Njira yosagwiritsa ntchito yodziwira khansa posanthula zitsanzo zamagazi kuti muwone ma cell a khansa kapena DNA. Ma biopsies amadzimadzi amatha kuloleza kuzindikiridwa koyambirira, kuwunika molondola momwe chithandizo chikuyendera, ndikuzindikiritsa bwino zomwe zingayambitse kuyambiranso.
• Nanotechnology: Kugwiritsa ntchito tinthu ting'onoting'ono kapena zida zoperekera mankhwala mwachindunji ku maselo a khansa, potero kumapangitsa kuti chithandizo chikhale champhamvu ndikuchepetsa zotsatira zoyipa. Nanotechnology imatha kusintha kasamalidwe ka mankhwala, kujambula, ngakhale opaleshoni yochotsa chotupa.

Thandizo kwa Odwala Khansa ndi Mabanja

Kuzindikira khansa kumatha kusintha moyo, osati kwa wodwalayo komanso kwa okondedwa awo. Kuwonjezera pa chithandizo chamankhwala, chithandizo chamaganizo ndi chothandiza n'chofunika kwambiri panthaŵi yovutayi. Zina zomwe mungachite ndi:

• Uphungu: Alangizi a akatswiri angathandize odwala ndi mabanja kuthana ndi zovuta zamaganizo za khansa ndi chithandizo chake.
• Magulu othandizira: Kulumikizana ndi ena omwe akukumana ndi zovuta zofanana kungakhale kofunika kwambiri popereka chithandizo chamaganizo, uphungu wothandiza, ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu.