Teko ea MemTrax Ha e Bapisoa le Khakanyo ea Tekolo ea Keletso ea Montreal ea Bofokoli bo Bonolo ba Kelello.
Mofuta oa sengoloa: MemTrax Research Sehlooho se
Bangoli: van der Hoek, Marjanne D. | Nieuwenhuizen, Arie | Keijer, Jaap | Ashford, J. Wesson
Litšebelisano: Univesithi ea Stanford, Stanford, CA, USA - Lefapha la Psychiatry le Boitšoaro Sciences, Applied Research Center Lijo le lebese, Van Hall Larenstein University of Applied Sciences, Leeuwarden, Netherlands | Fisioloji ea Batho le Liphoofolo, Univesithi ea Wageningen, Wageningen, Netherlands | Setsi sa Boithuto bo Amanang le Mafu le Kotsi, VA Palo Alto HCS, Palo Alto, CA, USA
DOI: 10.3233/JAD-181003
Journal: Journal of Lefu la Alzheimer, vol. 67, che. 3, maq. 1045-1054, 2019
inahaneloang
Ho senyeha ha kelello ke sesosa se ka sehloohong sa ho se sebetse hantle ho batho ba hōlileng. Neng bokooa bo fokolang ba kelello (MCI) e etsahala ho batho ba tsofetseng, hangata ke boemo ba prodromal ho 'dementia'. Tlhahlobo ea Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) ke sesebelisoa se sebelisoang hangata ho hlahloba MCI. Leha ho le joalo, teko ena e hloka tsamaiso ea sefahleho 'me e entsoe ka lipotso tse fapa-fapaneng tseo likarabo tsa tsona li kenyelletsoang ke setsebi ho fana ka lintlha tseo moelelo oa tsona o hlakileng o bileng le likhang. Boithuto bona bo etselitsoe ho lekola ts'ebetso ea komporo teko ea memori (MemTrax), e leng phetoho ea mosebetsi o tsoelang pele oa kananelo, mabapi le MoCA. Mehato e 'meli ea sephetho e hlahisoa ho tsoa ho Teko ea MemTrax: MemTraxspeed le MemTrax e nepahetseng. Lithuto li ile tsa tsamaisoa ke MoCA le Teko ea MemTrax. Ho ipapisitsoe le liphetho tsa MoCA, lithuto li arotsoe ka lihlopha tse peli tsa boemo ba kelello: kelello e tloaelehileng (n = 45) le MCI (n = 37). Ho bolela hore lintlha tsa MemTrax li ne li le tlase haholo ho MCI ho feta sehlopheng se tloaelehileng sa cognition. Liphetoho tsohle tsa sephetho sa MemTrax li ne li amahanngoa hantle le MoCA. Mekhoa e 'meli, computing karolelano Lintlha tsa MemTrax le ho fokotseha ha linear li ile tsa sebelisoa ho hakanya boleng ba cutoff ea tlhahlobo ea MemTrax. ho fumana MCI. Mekhoa ena e bontšitse hore bakeng sa sephetho sa MemTraxlebelo lintlha tse ka tlase ho sebaka sa 0.87 - 91 s-1 ke sesupo sa MCI, le bakeng sa sephetho sa MemTraxE nepahetse lintlha tse ka tlase ho 85 - 90% ke sesupo sa MCI.
SELELEKELA
Baahi ba lefatše lohle, ba etelletsoeng pele ke Europe, Amerika Leboea le Asia Leboea baa tsofala, e leng ho bakang keketseho e potlakileng ea palo ea batho ba hōlileng. Ha lilemo li ntse li eketseha, ho na le keketseho e hlakileng ea tsoelo-pele, e hlakileng ea tsoelo-pele ea bokooa ba kelello, 'dementia' le. Lefu la Alzheimer (AD), e leng se lebisang keketsehong e kholo ea batho ba nang le maemo ana. Ho lemoha kapele le ho khetholla mafu a kelello ho ka ntlafatsa tlhokomelo ea mokuli, ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa tlhokomelo ea bophelo, 'me ho ka thusa ho liehisa ho qala ha matšoao a matla, kahoo ho ka thusa ho fokotsa moroalo o ntseng o hōla ka potlako oa 'dementia' le AD. Ka hona, ho hlokahala lisebelisoa tse betere ho lekola ts'ebetso ea kelello ho batho ba tsofetseng.
Ho etsa litlhahlobo tsa kliniki tsa mesebetsi ea kelello le boitšoaro ba batho ba tsofetseng, lingaka le bafuputsi ba thehile makholo a lisebelisoa tsa tlhahlobo le tlhahlobo e khutšoane, 'me liteko tse' maloa li se li sebelisoa ka mokhoa o ts'oanang. E 'ngoe ea lisebelisoa tse sebelisoang khafetsa bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea bongaka ea bokooa bo bobebe ba kelello (MCI) maemong a thuto ke Tlhahlobo ea Temoho ea Montreal (MoCA).
MoCA e lekola mesebetsi e supileng ea kelello: taolo, ho reha mabitso, tlhokomelo, puo, ho se bue, ho hopola / ho lieha ho hopola, le boithuto. Mehopolo ea libaka / ho lieha ho hopola le mokhoa oa ho tsamaisa MoCA pele li ne li tsejoa e le lintho tse amehang ka ho fetesisa ho holofala ha kelello ha mofuta oa Alzheimer, e leng se ileng sa lebisa mohopolong oa hore khouto ea mohopolo ke eona ntho ea mantlha e hlasetsoeng ke ts'ebetso ea neuropathological ea AD. Ka hona, sesebelisoa sa kliniki bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea bokooa ba kelello bo amanang le AD, mohopolo ke ntho e ka sehloohong e lokelang ho nahanoa, athe mathata a mang, ho akarelletsa le aphasia, apraxia, agnosia, le ho se sebetse ha tsamaiso, le hoja hangata ho sitisoa ke AD, ho ka 'na ha amana. ho se sebetse ha mekhoa ea ts'ebetso ea memori ea neuroplastic libakeng tse tšehetsang neocortical.
Le hoja MoCA e sebelisoa haholo ho hlahloba MCI, tsamaiso ea MoCA e etsoa sefahleho le sefahleho, e leng nako e ngata 'me e hloka kopano ea bongaka 'me ka lebaka leo e hloka litšenyehelo tse ngata bakeng sa tsamaiso ka' ngoe. Nakong ea tlhahlobo, nako e hlokahalang bakeng sa ho fana ka tlhahlobo e eketsa ho nepahala ha tlhahlobo, kahoo tsoelo-pele ea kamoso e tlameha ho nahanela kamano ena ho hlahisa liteko tse sebetsang hantle.
Taba ea bohlokoa sebakeng sena ke tlhoko ea tlhahlobo ea kelello ha nako e ntse e ea. Tekanyetso ea liphetoho ka nako ba bohlokoa bakeng sa ho tseba le ho etsa qeto ea tsoelo-pele ea ho senyeha, katleho ea phekolo, le tlhahlobo ea mehato ea lipatlisiso tsa phekolo. Boholo ba lisebelisoa tse joalo tse teng ha lia lokela kapa ha li etsetsoe maemo a phahameng a ho nepahala 'me li ke ke tsa tsamaisoa habonolo khafetsa. Tharollo ea ho ntlafatsa tlhahlobo ea kelello e 'nile ea etsoa tlhahiso ea hore ke ho sebelisa k'homphieutha, empa boholo ba boiteko bo joalo bo fane ka boitsebiso bo fokolang ho feta k'homphieutha ea liteko tsa neuropsychological tse sebelisoang hangata,' me ha e e-s'o ntlafatsoe ho sebetsana ka ho toba le mathata a bohlokoa a tlhahlobo ea kelello e hlokahalang ho utloisisa kapele. 'dementia' le tsoelopele ea eona. Ka hona, lisebelisoa tse ncha tsa tlhahlobo ea kelello li lokela ho kenngoa k'homphieutheng 'me li thehoe mohloling o sa lekanyetsoang oa liteko tse bapisoang, tse sa lekanyetsoang ke puo kapa setso, tse fanang ka maemo a ho nepahala, ho nepahala le ho tšepahala a ka ntlafatsoang butle-butle. Ho phaella moo, liteko tse joalo li tlameha ho ba monate le ho kenya letsoho, e le hore tlhahlobo e pheta-phetoang e tla nkoa e le phihlelo e ntle ho e-na le e boima. Teko ea marang-rang, haholo-holo, e fana ka monyetla oa ho fihlela tlhoko ena, ha e ntse e fana ka pokello e potlakileng le tlhahlobo ea data, le ho fana ka maikutlo a hang-hang ho batho ka bomong ba nkang karolo, lingaka le bafuputsi.
Boithuto ba hona joale bo ne bo etselitsoe ho lekola ts'ebeliso ea ho ikamahanya le maemo a marang-rang a paradigm ea "continuous recognition task" (CRT), bakeng sa ho lekola ts'ebetso ea kelello har'a batho ba lulang sechabeng ba neng ba e-so ka ba tsejoa hore ba na le 'dementia'. Paradigm ea CRT e sebelisoa haholo lithutong lithuto tsa mohopolo mekhoa. Mokhoa oa CRT o qalile ho sebelisoa e le sesebelisoa sa pontšo ea bamameli se fanang ka lintlha ho batho ba thahasellang mathata a ho hopola. Ka mor'a moo, tlhahlobo ena e ile ea kenngoa ts'ebetsong inthaneteng ke k'hamphani ea Fora (HAPPYneuron, Inc.); ke k'hamphani e thehiloeng US, MemTrax, LLC (http://www.memtrax.com); ka Boko Health Ngoliso e ntlafalitsoeng ke Dr. Michael Weiner, UCSF, le sehlopha sa hae ho ts'ehetsa ho hira batho bakeng sa lithuto tsa bokooa ba kelello; le k'hamphani ea Machaena ea SJN Biomed, LTD). Teko ena, ho tloha ka Phuptjane 2018, e fumane lintlha ho tsoa ho basebelisi ba fetang 200,000, 'me e litekong linaheng tse' maloa.
Thutong ea hona joale, MemTrax (MTX), tlhahlobo e thehiloeng ho CRT, e ile ea tsamaisoa hammoho le MoCA ho baahi ba seng ba phela ba ikemetseng ka leboea ho Netherlands. Sepheo sa phuputso ena e ne e le ho fumana kamano pakeng tsa ts'ebetso ts'ebetsong ena ea CRT le MoCA. Potso e ne e le hore na MTX e ka ba molemo bakeng sa ho lekanya mesebetsi ea kelello e hlahlobiloeng ke MoCA, e ka bonts'ang ts'ebetso ea bongaka e ka bang teng.
LISEBELISOA LE MEKHOA
Palo ea batho ba ithutang
Pakeng tsa Mphalane 2015 le Mots'eanong 2016, ho ile ha etsoa boithuto bo fapaneng har'a maqheku a lulang sechabeng se karolong e ka leboea ea Netherlands. Lithuto (≥75y) li ile tsa thaothoa ka ho ajoa ha lipampitšana le nakong ea liboka tsa lihlopha tse hlophisitsoeng bakeng sa maqheku. Batho bao ho ka etsahalang hore ebe ba ile ba eteloa lapeng ho ea shebella litekanyetso tsa ho kenyelletsoa le ho qheleloa ka thoko pele ba ngolisoa thutong ena. Barupeluoa ba nang le bothata ba 'dementia' (boipehelo ba bona) kapa ba nang le bokooa bo tebileng ba pono kapa kutlo e ka susumetsang tsamaiso ea liteko tsa kelello ha baa lumelloa ho kenya letsoho thutong ena. Ho phaella moo, ho ne ho hlokahala hore barupeluoa ba tsebe ho bua le ho utloisisa puo ea Madache le ho se tsebe ho bala le ho ngola. Boithuto bona bo entsoe ho latela phatlalatso ea Helsinki ea 1975 mme barupeluoa bohle ba saena tumello e nang le tsebo foromo ka mor'a ho fumana tlhaloso e qaqileng ea thuto.
Mokhoa oa ho ithuta
Ka mor'a ho ingolisa thutong, ho ile ha fanoa ka lethathamo la lipotso tse akaretsang, tse neng li kenyelletsa lipotso mabapi le lintlha tsa palo ea batho, tse kang lilemo le lilemo tsa thuto (ho qala sekolong sa mathomo), histori ea bongaka le ho noa joala. Kamora ho phethoa ha lethathamo la lipotso, liteko tsa MoCA le MTX li ile tsa tsamaisoa ka tatellano e sa reroang.
MemTrax - Setsi sa Bongaka sa Lipatlisiso
E le ka tlhompho ea MemTrax, LLC (Redwood City, CA, USA), liphetolelo tse feletseng tsa mahala tsa tlhahlobo ea MTX li ile tsa fanoa. Tekong ena, letoto la litšoantšo tse 50 li bontšoa ho fihlela metsotsoana e meraro e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe. Ha setšoantšo se phetoa hantle se hlaha (25/50), bafo ba ile ba laeloa hore ba arabele setšoantšong se phetoang kapele kamoo ho ka khonehang ka ho tobetsa spacebar (e neng e bontšoa ka tepi e mebala e khubelu). Ha motho a arabela setšoantšong, setšoantšo se latelang se ile sa bontšoa hang-hang. Kamora ho qeta tlhahlobo, lenaneo le bonts'a liperesente tsa likarabo tse nepahetseng (MTXE nepahetse) le karolelano ea nako ea karabelo ka metsotsoana bakeng sa litšoantšo tse phetoang, tse bontšang nako e hlokahalang ho tobetsa spacebar ha u lemoha setšoantšo se phetoang. Ho bapisa litekanyo tsa mehato ena e 'meli, nako ea karabelo e ile ea fetoloa lebelo la karabelo (MTXlebelo) ka ho arola 1 ka nako ea karabelo (ke hore, 1/MTXnako ea ho arabela). Nalane ea liteko ea lintlha tsohle tsa MemTrax le bonnete ba tsona li bolokiloe inthaneteng akhaonteng ea tlhahlobo. Botšepehi ba liteko tsohle tse entsoeng bo ile ba hlahlojoa, bo hlokang likarabo tse nepahetseng tsa bohata tse 5 kapa tse fokolang, tse 10 kapa ho feta tse nepahetseng, le nako ea ho lemoha ka karolelano pakeng tsa 0.4 le metsotsoana ea 2, 'me ho kenyelelitsoe liteko tse nepahetseng feela tlhahlobisong.
Pele tlhahlobo ea 'nete ea MTX e etsoa, teko e ile ea hlalosoa ka botlalo 'me ho ile ha fanoa ka tlhahlobo ea boikoetliso ho bafo. Sena se ne se sa akarelletse feela tlhahlobo ka boeona, empa hape le litaelo le maqephe a ho bala ho lumella morupeluoa hore a tloaele ho hlophisa sebaka le liketso tsa pele tse hlokahalang, pele tlhahlobo e qala. E le ho qoba ho pheta-pheta litšoantšo nakong ea teko ea sebele, litšoantšo tse sa kenyelletsoeng polokelong ea MemTrax li ile tsa sebelisoa bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea boikoetliso.
Tekolo ea kelello ea Montreal sesebelisoa
Tumello e fumanoe ho MoCA Institute & Clinique (Quebec, Canada) ho sebelisa MoCA bakeng sa lipatlisiso tsena. Dutch MoCA e fumaneha ka liphetolelo tse tharo, tse ileng tsa tsamaisoa ka tšohanyetso ho lihlooho. Lintlha tsa MoCA ke kakaretso ea ts'ebetso sebakeng se seng le se seng se arohaneng sa kelello se hlahlobiloeng 'me se na le lintlha tse ngata tsa 30. Ho latela khothaletso ea semmuso, ntlha e 'ngoe e ile ea eketsoa haeba morupeluoa a na le lilemo tse ≤12 tsa thuto (haeba <lintlha tse 30). Litaelo tsa liteko tsa molao li ile tsa sebelisoa e le tataiso nakong ea tsamaiso ea liteko. Liteko li ne li tsamaisoa ke bafuputsi ba bararo ba koetlisitsoeng mme tsamaiso ea tlhahlobo e le 'ngoe e nkile metsotso e ka bang 10 ho isa ho e 15.
Tlhahlobo ea data ea MemTrax
Ho ipapisitsoe le liphetho tsa MoCA, tse ileng tsa lokisoa bakeng sa thuto, lithuto li arotsoe ka lihlopha tse peli tsa boemo ba kelello: kelello e tloaelehileng (NC) khahlano le bokooa bo fokolang ba kelello (MCI). Lintlha tsa MoCA tsa 23 li ile tsa sebelisoa e le khaello bakeng sa MCI (lintlha tse 22 ho ea tlase li ne li nkuoa e le MCI), kaha ho bontšitsoe hore lintlha tsena li bonts'itse 'nete e nepahetseng ka ho fetesisa ea tlhahlobo ea mafu ho pholletsa le mefuta e fapaneng ea lintlha' ha e bapisoa le lintlha tse khothalelitsoeng qalong. 26 kapa boleng ba 24 kapa 25. Bakeng sa litlhahlobo tsohle, lintlha tse lokisitsoeng tsa MoCA li ile tsa sebelisoa kaha lintlha tsena li sebelisoa maemong a bongaka.
Teko ea MTX e fana ka liphetho tse peli, e leng MTXnako ea ho arabela, e ileng ea fetoleloa ho MTXlebelo ka 1/MTXnako ea ho arabela, le MTXE nepahetse.
Litlhahlobo tsa lipalo-palo li entsoe ho sebelisoa R (version 1.0.143, Rstudio Team, 2016). Tloaelo e ile ea hlahlojoa bakeng sa mefuta eohle ea tlhahlobo ea Shapiro-Wilk. Liphetoho tsa palo eohle ea liphuputso, le tsa lihlopha tsa NC le MCI, li tlalehiloe e le ± kheloha e tloaelehileng (SD), median le interquartile range (IQR) kapa e le palo le peresente. Liteko tsa T-sampuli tse ikemetseng le liteko tsa Wilcoxon Sum Rank bakeng sa mefuta e tsoelang pele le liteko tsa Chi-squared bakeng sa mefuta-futa ea lihlopha li ile tsa etsoa ho bapisa litšobotsi tsa sehlopha sa NC le MCI. Teko ea Kruskal-Wallis e seng parametric e sebelisitsoe ho fumana hore na liphetolelo tse tharo tsa MoCA le batsamaisi ba bararo li amme liphetho tsa MoCA. Ho feta moo, tlhahlobo e ikemetseng ea T-test kapa Wilcoxon Sum Rank e entsoe ho fumana hore na taelo ea tsamaiso ea MoCA le MTX e susumelitse sephetho sa liteko (mohlala, lintlha tsa MoCA, MTX.E nepahetse, le MTXlebelo). Sena se entsoe ka ho fumana hore na lintlha tse bolelang li fapane bakeng sa barupeluoa ba fumaneng MoCA pele ebe MemTrax kapa ba amohetseng MTX pele ebe MoCA.
Pearson kamano liteko li ne li baloa ho lekola kamano lipakeng tsa MTX le MoCA le lipakeng tsa MemTrax ka bobeli liphetho tsa liteko, mohlala, MTXspeed le MTX e nepahetseng. Palo ea boholo ba sampole e kileng ea etsoa e bonts'itse hore bakeng sa teko ea ho hokahanya ha Pearson e nang le mohatla o le mong (matla = 80% , α = 0.05), ka maikutlo a boholo ba phello e bohareng (r = 0.3), ho ne ho hlokahala mohlala o fokolang oa n = 67. Liteko tsa polyserial correlation li ne li balloa ho lekola kamano lipakeng tsa liphetho tsa liteko tsa MTX le libaka tse arohaneng tsa MoCA tse sebelisang sephutheloana sa kelello ho R.
Lintlha tse lekanang tsa MoCA bakeng sa lintlha tse fanoeng tsa MemTrax li ile tsa baloa ka ho khomphutha kakaretso ea lintlha tsa MemTrax bakeng sa lintlha tse ling le tse ling tse ka khonehang tsa MoCA le ho khutlisetsoa morao ka mola ho hakanya lipalo tse amanang le mehato ena. Ho phaella moo, ho fumana litekanyetso tsa cutoff tsa tlhahlobo ea MemTrax bakeng sa MCI e lekantsoeng ke MoCA, le kutloisiso e lumellanang le litekanyetso tse khethehileng, tlhahlobo ea Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) e ile ea etsoa ho sebelisoa sephutheloana sa pROC ho R. Non-parametric stratified bootstrapping (n = 2000) e ne e sebelisetsoa ho bapisa sebaka se tlas'a li-curve (AUCs) le linako tse lumellanang tsa kholiseho. Palo e nepahetseng ea cutoff e baloa ka mokhoa oa Youden, o holisang melemo ea 'nete ha o ntse o fokotsa lintlha tse fosahetseng.
Bakeng sa litlhahlobo tsohle tsa lipalo-palo, palo ea mahlakore a mabeli ea p-value ea <0.05 e ne e nkoa e le moeli oa bohlokoa ba lipalo-palo, ntle le tlhahlobo ea ho hlahloba kamano pakeng tsa MTX le MoCA (ke hore, tlhahlobo ea correlation le regression ea linear e bonolo) boleng ba lehlakore ba p <0.05 bo ne bo nkuoa bo le bohlokoa.
MemTrax LIPHETHO
Lihlooho
Ka kakaretso, lithuto tse 101 li kenyelelitsoe thutong ena. Lintlha tsa batho ba 19 li ne li sa kenyelletsoa tlhahlobong, kaha liphetho tsa liteko tsa MemTrax ho tsoa ho lithuto tsa 12 ha lia ka tsa bolokoa ke lenaneo, lithuto tsa 6 li ne li e-na le liphetho tsa liteko tsa MemTrax tse sa nepahaleng, 'me sehlooho se le seng se ne se e-na le lintlha tsa MoCA tsa lintlha tsa 8, tse bontšang ho senyeha ho matla ha kelello, e leng tekanyetso ya ho kgetheha. Ka hona, lintlha tse tsoang lithutong tsa 82 li kenyelelitsoe tlhahlobisong. Ha ho liphapang tse kholo liphethong tsa liteko tsa MoCA tse fumanoeng lipakeng tsa mefuta e fapaneng ea MoCA le lipakeng tsa batsamaisi. Ntle le moo, taelo ea tsamaiso ea liteko ha ea ka ea ba le phello e kholo ho lintlha life kapa life tsa liteko (MoCA, MTXlebelo, MTXE nepahetse). Ho ipapisitsoe le liphetho tsa liteko tsa MoCA, lithuto li ile tsa beoa sehlopheng sa NC kapa MCI (mohlala, MoCA ≥ 23 kapa MoCA <23, ka ho latellana). Litšobotsi tsa sehlooho bakeng sa palo eohle ea batho ba ithutoang, 'me lihlopha tsa NC le MCI li hlahisoa ho Lethathamo la 1. Ha ho phapang e khōlō e neng e le teng pakeng tsa lihlopha, ntle le lintlha tse bohareng tsa MoCA (25 (IQR: 23 - 26) khahlanong le 21 (IQR: 19 - 22) ) lintlha, Z = -7.7, p <0.001).
Tafole 1
Litšobotsi tsa sehlooho
| Kakaretso ea batho ba ithutoang (n = 82) | NC (n = 45) | MCI (n = 37) | p | |
| Lilemo (y) | 83.5 ± 5.2 | 82.6 ± 4.9 | 84.7 ± 5.4 | 0.074 |
| Mosali, No. (%) | 55 (67) | 27 (60) | 28 (76) | 0.133 |
| Thuto (y) | 10.0 (8.0 - 13.0) | 11.0 (8.0 - 14.0) | 10.0 (8.0 - 12.0) | 0.216 |
| Ho noa joala (# likhalase/beke) | 0 (0 - 4) | 0 (0 - 3) | 0 (0 - 5) | 0.900 |
| Lintlha tsa MoCA (lintlha tse #) | 23 (21 - 25) | 25 (23 - 26) | 21 (19 - 22) | hantle |
Maemo a hlalosoa e le a bolelang ± sd, median (IQR) kapa palo e nang le peresente.
Boemo ba kelello bo lekantsoeng ke MemTrax
Boemo ba kelello bo ne bo lekantsoe ka tlhahlobo ea MTX. Setšoantšo sa 1 se bontša liphetho tsa teko ea kelello liphetho tsa lithuto tsa NC le MCI. Lintlha tse ka sehloohong tsa MTX (mohlala, MTXlebelo le MTXE nepahetse) li ne li fapane haholo lipakeng tsa lihlopha tsena tse peli. Lihlooho tsa NC (0.916 ± 0.152 s-1) e ne e e-na le lebelo le leholo la ho arabela ka potlako ha le bapisoa le lihlooho tsa MCI (0.816 ± 0.146 s-1); t (80) = 3.01, p = 0.003) (Setšoantšo sa 1A). Ntle le moo, lithuto tsa NC li bile le lintlha tse betere ho MTXE nepahetse e fapaneng ho feta lithuto tsa MCI (91.2 ± 5.0% khahlanong le 87.0 ± 7.7% ka ho latellana; tw (59) = 2.89, p = 0.005) (Setšoantšo sa 1B).
Fig.1
Li-boxplots tsa liphetho tsa liteko tsa MTX bakeng sa lihlopha tsa NC le MCI. A) MTXlebelo sephetho sa teko le B) MTXE nepahetse sephetho sa teko. Ka bobeli liphetho tse fapaneng tsa liteko tsa MTX li tlase haholo sehlopheng sa MCI ha se bapisoa le NC. Mmala o moputsoa o bobebe o bontša lithuto tsa NC, athe 'mala o moputsoa o lefifi o supa lithuto tsa MCI.
Li-boxplots tsa liphetho tsa liteko tsa MTX bakeng sa lihlopha tsa NC le MCI. A) Sephetho sa tlhahlobo ea lebelo la MTX le B) Sephetho se nepahetseng sa MTX. Ka bobeli liphetho tse fapaneng tsa liteko tsa MemTrax li tlase haholo sehlopheng sa MCI ha se bapisoa le NC. Mmala o moputsoa o bobebe o bontša lithuto tsa NC, athe 'mala o moputsoa o lefifi o supa lithuto tsa MCI.
Kamano pakeng tsa MemTrax le MOCA
Likamano pakeng tsa lintlha tsa tlhahlobo ea MTX le MoCA li bontšoa setšoantšong sa 2. Mefuta e 'meli ea MTX e ne e amahanngoa hantle le MoCA. MTXlebelo mme MoCA e bonts'a khokahano e kholo ea r = 0.39 (p = 0.000), le khokahano lipakeng tsa MTX.E nepahetse mme MoCA e ne e le r = 0.31 (p = 0.005). Ho ne ho se na kamano pakeng tsa MTXlebelo le MTXE nepahetse.
Fig.2
Mekhatlo lipakeng tsa A) MTXlebelo le MoCA; B) MTXE nepahetse le MoCA; C) MTXE nepahetse le MTXlebelo. Lithuto tsa NC le MCI li bonts'oa ka matheba le likhutlo tse tharo ka ho latellana. K'honeng e ka tlase e ka tlase ea graph e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ho bonts'itsoe rho le boleng ba p bo lumellanang pakeng tsa mefuta e 'meli.
Mekhatlo lipakeng tsa A) MTXspeed le MoCA; B) MTX e nepahetseng le MoCA; C) MTX e nepahetseng le MTXspeed. Lithuto tsa NC le MCI li bonts'oa ka matheba le likhutlo tse tharo ka ho latellana. K'honeng e ka tlase e ka tlase ea graph e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ho bonts'oa rho le boleng ba p bo bonts'ang kamano lipakeng tsa mefuta e 'meli.
Mekhatlo lipakeng tsa A) MTXspeed le MoCA; B) MTX e nepahetseng le MoCA; C) MTX e nepahetseng le MTXspeed. Lithuto tsa NC le MCI li bonts'oa ka matheba le likhutlo tse tharo ka ho latellana. Ka hukung e ka tlase e ka tlase ho kerafo ka 'ngoe ho bonts'itsoe rho le boleng ba p bo amanang le kamano pakeng tsa mefuta e 'meli.[/caption]
Likamano tsa polyserial li ile tsa baloa pakeng tsa lintlha tsa tlhahlobo tsa MemTrax le libaka tsa MoCA ho fumana hore na sebaka se seng le se seng se amana joang le metrics ea MemTrax. Likamano tsa polyserial li bontšoa ho Lethathamo la 2. Libaka tse ngata tsa MoCA li ne li amana haholo le MTX.lebelo . Sebaka sa "abstraction" se bontšitse khokahano e phahameng ka ho fetisisa, leha e le e leka-lekaneng, le MTXlebelo (r = 0.35, p = 0.002). Libaka "ho reha mabitso" le "puo" li bonts'itse kamano e fokolang ea bohlokoa le MTXlebelo (r = 0.29, p = 0.026 le r = 0.27, p = 0.012, ka ho latellana). MTXE nepahetse e ne e sa amahanngoa haholo le libaka tsa MoCA, ntle le khokahano e fokolang le sebaka sa "visuospatial" (r = 0.25, p = 0.021).
Tafole 2
Likhokahano tsa Polyserial tsa liphetho tsa liteko tsa MTX le libaka tsa MoCA
| MTXlebelo | MTXE nepahetse | |||
| r | p | r | p | |
| Visuospatial | 0.22 | 0.046 | 0.25 | 0.021 |
| Ho reha lebitso | 0.29 | 0.026 | 0.24 | 0.063 |
| fuoe tlhokomelo | 0.24 | 0.046 | 0.09 | 0.477 |
| puo | 0.27 | 0.012 | 0.160 | 0.165 |
| khemise | 0.35 | 0.002 | 0.211 | 0.079 |
| Hopola | 0.15 | 0.159 | 0.143 | 0.163 |
| Boemo | 0.21 | 0.156 | 0.005 | 0.972 |
Tlhokomeliso: Likamano tse kholo li bontšitsoe ka mongolo o motenya.
Lintlha tsa MemTrax le litekanyetso tse hakanyetsoang tse khaotsoeng bakeng sa MCI
Ho fumana lintlha tse tsamaellanang tsa MemTrax le MoCA, lintlha tsa MemTrax tsa lintlha ka 'ngoe tsa MoCA li ile tsa lekanngoa 'me ho ile ha baloa ho fokotseha ha mela ho bolela esale pele likamano le lipalo tse tsamaellanang. Liphetho tsa ho fokotseha ha mela li bontšitse hore MTXlebelo e hlalositse 55% ea phapang ho MoCA (R2 = 0.55, p = 0.001). Phaello e fapaneng ea MTXE nepahetse e hlalositse 21% ea phapang ho MoCA (R2 = 0.21, p = 0.048). Ho ipapisitsoe le li-equation tsa likamano tsena, lintlha tse lekanang tsa MoCA li ile tsa baloa bakeng sa lintlha tsa MTX tse fanoeng, tse bontšitsoeng ho Lethathamo la 3. Ho ipapisitsoe le li-equation tsena, litekanyetso tse tsamaellanang tsa cutoff (mohlala, lintlha tsa MoCA tsa lintlha tse 23) bakeng sa MTX.lebelo le MTXE nepahetse ke 0.87s-1 le 90%. Ho phaella moo, ho ile ha etsoa mekhoa e mengata ea mekhoa e mengata ea mefuta-futa ea MemTrax, empa MTX e fapanengE nepahetse ha ea ka ea kenya letsoho haholo ho mohlala mme ka hona liphetho ha li bontšoe.
Tafole 3
Ho sisinyeha lintlha tse lekanang tsa MoCA bakeng sa lintlha tse fanoeng tsa MemTrax
| MoCA (lintlha) | E lekanang le MTXlebelo (s-1)a | CI ea ho bolela esale pele le MTXlebelo (lintlha) | E lekanang le MTXE nepahetse (%)b | CI ea ho bolela esale pele le MTXE nepahetse (lintlha) |
| 15 | 0.55 | 7 - 23 | 68 | 3 - 28 |
| 16 | 0.59 | 8 - 24 | 71 | 5 - 28 |
| 17 | 0.63 | 10 - 24 | 73 | 6 - 28 |
| 18 | 0.67 | 11 - 25 | 76 | 8 - 28 |
| 19 | 0.71 | 12 - 26 | 79 | 9 - 29 |
| 20 | 0.75 | 13 - 27 | 82 | 11 - 29 |
| 21 | 0.79 | 14 - 28 | 84 | 12 - 30 |
| 22 | 0.83 | 15 - 29 | 87 | 13 - 30 |
| 23 | 0.87 | 16 - 30 | 90 | 14 - 30 |
| 24 | 0.91 | 17 - 30 | 93 | 15 - 30 |
| 25 | 0.95 | 18 - 30 | 95 | 16 - 30 |
| 26 | 0.99 | 19 - 30 | 98 | 16 - 30 |
| 27 | 1.03 | 20 - 30 | 100 | 17 - 30 |
| 28 | 1.07 | 21 - 30 | 100 | 17 - 30 |
| 29 | 1.11 | 21 - 30 | 100 | 17 - 30 |
| 30 | 1.15 | 22 - 30 | 100 | 17 - 30 |
aEquation e sebelisitsoeng: 1.1 + 25.2 *MTXlebelo; b Equation e sebelisitsoeng: -9.7 + 0.36 *MTXE nepahetse.
Ho phaella moo, litekanyetso tsa MTX cutoff le kutloisiso e lumellanang le ho khetheha li ile tsa khethoa ka tlhahlobo ea ROC. Li-curve tsa ROC tsa mefuta-futa ea MemTrax li hlahisoa setšoantšong sa 3. Li-AUC tsa MTXlebelo le MTXE nepahetse ke, ka ho latellana, 66.7 (CI: 54.9 - 78.4) le 66.4% (CI: 54.1 - 78.7). Li-AUC tsa mefuta e fapaneng ea MemTrax e sebelisitsoeng ho lekola MCI e thehiloeng ke MoCA e ne e sa fapana haholo. Letlapa la 4 le bonts'a kutloisiso le ho hlaka ha lintlha tse fapaneng tsa li-cutoff tsa mefuta ea MemTrax. Lipalo tse nepahetseng ka ho fetesisa, tse ileng tsa eketsa melemo ea 'nete ha li ntse li fokotsa lintlha tse fosahetseng, bakeng sa MTX.lebelo le MTXE nepahetse e ne e le 0.91 s-1 (sensitivity = 48.9% specificity = 78.4%) le 85% (sensitivity = 43.2%; specificity = 93.3%), ka ho latellana.
Fig.3
ROC ea liphetho tsa liteko tsa MTX ho lekola MCI e lekantsoeng ke MoCA. Mohala o matheba o bontša MTXlebelo le mohala o tiileng oa MTXE nepahetse. Mohala o moputsoa o emela mohala oa litšupiso oa 0.5.
ROC ea liphetho tsa liteko tsa MTX ho lekola MCI e lekantsoeng ke MoCA. Mohala o nang le matheba o bontša MTXspeed le mohala o tiileng oa MTX o nepahetseng. Mohala o moputsoa o emela mohala oa litšupiso oa 0.5.
Tafole 4
MTXlebelo le MTXE nepahetse lintlha tse khaotsoeng le tse tobileng tse tsamaellanang le kutloisiso
| Sebaka sa ho khaola | Tp (#) | tn (#) | Fp (#) | Fn (#) | Se ikhethang (%) | Kutloisiso (%) | |
| MTXlebelo | 1.20 | 37 | 1 | 44 | 0 | 2.2 | 100 |
| 1.10 | 36 | 7 | 38 | 1 | 15.6 | 97.3 | |
| 1.0 | 33 | 13 | 32 | 4 | 28.9 | 89.2 | |
| 0.90 | 28 | 22 | 23 | 9 | 48.9 | 75.7 | |
| 0.80 | 18 | 34 | 11 | 19 | 75.6 | 48.6 | |
| 0.70 | 9 | 41 | 4 | 28 | 91.1 | 24.3 | |
| 0.60 | 3 | 45 | 0 | 34 | 100 | 8.1 | |
| MTXE nepahetse | 99 | 36 | 3 | 42 | 1 | 97.3 | 6.7 |
| 95 | 31 | 11 | 34 | 6 | 83.8 | 24.4 | |
| 91 | 23 | 23 | 22 | 14 | 62.2 | 51.1 | |
| 89 | 20 | 28 | 17 | 17 | 54.1 | 62.2 | |
| 85 | 16 | 42 | 3 | 21 | 43.2 | 93.3 | |
| 81 | 8 | 44 | 1 | 29 | 21.6 | 97.8 | |
| 77 | 3 | 45 | 0 | 34 | 8.1 | 100 |
tp, 'nete e ntle; tn, negative ea 'nete; fp, maikutlo a fosahetseng; fn, negative negative.
TŠOHLOA
Boithuto bona bo thehiloe ho batlisisa sesebelisoa sa MemTrax sa marang-rang, tlhahlobo e thehiloeng ho CRT, ho sebelisoa MoCA joalo ka tšupiso. MoCA e khethiloe hobane tlhahlobo ena hajoale e sebelisoa haholo ho shebella MCI. Leha ho le joalo, lintlha tse nepahetseng tsa MoCA ha li so thehoe ka ho hlaka [28]. Papiso ea mehato ea motho ka mong ea MemTrax le MoCA e bonts'a hore tlhahlobo e bonolo, e khuts'oane, ea marang-rang e ka nka karolo e kholo ea phapang ea ts'ebetso ea kelello le bokooa ba kelello. Tlhahlobong ena, phello e matla ka ho fetisisa e ile ea bonoa bakeng sa tekanyo ea lebelo. Mokhoa o nepahetseng o bontšitse kamano e fokolang. Ntho ea bohlokoa e fumanoeng ke hore ha ho na kamano e ileng ea bonoa pakeng tsa lebelo la MTX le mehato e nepahetseng, e bontšang hore mefuta ena e lekanya likarolo tse fapaneng tsa motheo. tshebetso ya ho sebetsa ha boko. Ka hona, ha ho pontšo ea khoebo ea ho nepahala ha lebelo e fumanoeng ho pholletsa le lihlooho. Ho feta moo, mekhoa e 'meli e fapaneng e ile ea sebelisoa ho hakanya litekanyetso tsa ho khaola ha tlhahlobo ea memori ea MemTrax ho lemoha MCI. Mekhoa ena e bontšitse hore bakeng sa lebelo la sephetho le ho nepahala, lintlha tse ka tlase ho mefuta ea 0.87 - 91 s.-1 mme 85 - 90% ke sesupo sa hore batho ba fumanang lintlha tse ka tlase ho e 'ngoe ea mekhahlelo eo ba ka ba le MCI. "Tlhahlobo ea boleng ba litšenyehelo" e tla bontša hore na motho o lokela ho eletsoa ka nako efe hore a buisane le ngaka mabapi le ho etsa liteko tse ngata ho hlahloba MCI [8-35].
Thutong ea hona joale, ho ile ha fumanoa hore libaka tsa "ho reha mabitso", "puo", le "abstraction" tse lekantsoeng ke MoCA li na le likamano tse phahameng ka ho fetisisa le e 'ngoe ea liphello tsa MemTrax, le hoja likamano li ne li fokola ho isa tekanyong. Sena se fapane le se neng se lebeletsoe, kaha liphuputso tse fetileng li bontšitse ka ho hlahloba Tlhahlobo e Nnyane ea Naha ea Kelello ka ho sebelisa Item Response Theory, hore libaka tsa "memori / lieche ho hopola" le "ts'ebetso" e ne e le tse amehang haholo ho AD [12] ea pele. Tabeng ena qalong ea ho se sebetse hantle kelellong, ho bonahala eka matšoao a MoCA a ho senyeha ho poteletseng ka ho reha mabitso, puo, le ho qoelisoa a na le maikutlo a mangata ho MCI ho feta mehato ea mohopolo le maikutlo, ho lumellana le liphuputso tse fetileng ho Item Response Theory tlhahlobo ea MoCA [36]. Ho feta moo, the MemTrax tekanyo ea lebelo la ho lemoha e bonahala e bonahatsa ho senyeha hona pele ho memori ea temoho joalo ka ha e lekantsoe ke MTX (e nang le phello e kholo ea siling). Sehlopha sena sa linaleli sa liphello li fana ka maikutlo a hore likarolo tse rarahaneng tsa pathology e bakang MCI li bonahatsa boko ba pele liphetoho tseo ho 'nileng ha e-ba thata ho li nahana ka mekhoa e bonolo ea neurocognitive' me li ka 'na tsa bontša tsoelo-pele ea lefu la kelello [37].
Lintlha tse matla thutong ea hona joale ke hore boholo ba sampole (n = 82) bo ne bo lekane ho bona likamano lipakeng tsa MoCA le MTX sechabeng sena sa khale. Ho phaella moo, ho ile ha etsoa tlhahlobo ea ho itlhakisa lithutong tsohle, e le hore batho ba hōlileng ba neng ba sa tloaela ho sebelisa k’homphieutha ba be le monyetla oa ho ikamahanya le maemo a ho etsa liteko le thepa. Ha ho bapisoa le MoCA, lithuto li bonts'itse hore MemTrax e monate haholo ho e etsa, athe MoCA e ne e ikutloa eka ke tlhahlobo. Lilemo tsa barupeluoa le boikemelo ba sechaba sa bona li ne li lekanyelitse sepheo sa tlhahlobo ho sehlopha sena se khethiloeng sa batho ba batlang ba sebetsa haholo, empa sehlopha sena se har'a tse thata ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa boitsebiso ba ho senyeha.
Ela hloko, leha e nkuoa e le tlhahlobo e tloaelehileng ea tlhahlobo, MoCA ke teko feela ea ho bonts'a boteng bo ka bang teng ba MCI, eseng sesebelisoa sa tlhahlobo kapa tekanyo e felletseng ea ho se sebetse hantle ha kelello. Kahoo, ka hona, papiso ea MoCA le MTX e ea lekana, 'me e kanna ea ba e hapile phapang e ikemetseng ho boitsebahatso ba MCI. Ka hona, taba ea bohlokoa libukeng e bile boiteko ba ho hlalosa molemo oa MoCA [38], netefatso ea eona [39], ho thehoa ha lintlha tse tloaelehileng [40], papiso le litlhahlobo tse ling tse khutšoane tsa kelello [41-45] , le tšebeliso ea eona e le sesebelisoa sa ho hlahloba MCI [46] (e hlahlobiloe ke Carson et al., 2017 [28]), hammoho le ho sebetsa ha mofuta oa elektronike [47]. Litlhahlobo tse joalo li kenyelletsa tlhahlobo ea kutlo le ho hlaka, hangata ho sebelisoa tlhahlobo ea ROC ka tekanyo ea "sebaka se tlas'a lekhalo", le khothaletso ea "cutoff" bakeng sa "tlhahlobo". Leha ho le joalo, ha ho se na mokhoa leha e le ofe oa ho fumana hore na motho o robetse hokae ka lebaka la ho fokola ha bobebe, hammoho le phapang e khōlō ka ho fetisisa. mesebetsi ya boko ho kenya letsoho ho senyeheng hoo, lisebelisoa tse joalo kaofela li ka fana ka khakanyo e ka bang teng feela. Ho fana ka likamano lipakeng tsa mehato e fapaneng ho bontša feela hore boemo ba motheo bo ntse bo rarolloa ka nepo, empa boemo ba 'nete ba baeloji bo ke ke ba hlalosoa hantle ka mokhoa ona. Leha litlhahlobo tsa boemo bo holimo li ka ba molemo maemong a kliniki, ho theha ts'ebeliso e joalo ho hloka hore ho nahanoe ka lintlha tse 'ne: ho ata ha boemo sechabeng; litsenyehelo tsa tlhahlobo, litšenyehelo tsa liphetho tse fosahetseng, le melemo ea lintho tse bonahalang tsa tlhahlobo e nepahetseng ea 'nete [8, 35].
E kholo karolo ea bothata ba ho hlahloba AD le ho senyeha ha eona ho amanang le kelello ke hore ha ho na 'nete "mehato" [48], empa ho e-na le hoo ke tsoelo-pele ea nakoana ea tsoelo-pele [8, 17, 49]. Phapang ea "tloaelehileng" ho MCI ha e le hantle e thata haholo ho feta ho khetholla e 'ngoe ea maemo ana ho a bobebe. 'dementia' e amanang ka AD [50, 51]. Ho sebelisa mohopolo oa "Khopolo ea Kajeno ea Teko", taba e ba ho lekanyetsa hore na motho a ka ba ka har'a sebaka se itseng sa nako ea boitšepo, ho latela lintlha tse itseng tsa tlhahlobo. Ho etsa liqeto tse joalo, ho hlokahala litlhahlobo tse nepahetseng ho feta tse fanoang ke liteko tse khutšoane tsa kelello, empa joalo ka tse fanoang ke MTX. Keketseho e nepahetseng le ho tlosoa ha leeme la bashebelli ka tlhahlobo ea komporo ke tataiso e ts'episang. Hape, tlhahlobo ea k'homphieutha, e kang MemTrax, e fana ka monyetla oa palo e sa lekanyetsoang ea liteko tse ka bapisoang, haholo-holo ho fokotsa phapang ea tekanyo ea ho senyeha. Ho feta moo, ha e le hantle, tlhahlobo ea komporo e ka leka libaka tse ngata tse amanang le mohopolo tse anngoeng ke AD. Phuputso ena ha ea ka ea bapisa MTX le liteko tse ling tse ngata tsa k'homphieutha tse entsoeng (sheba selelekela), empa ha ho le e 'ngoe ea tse teng ho fihlela joale e sebelisang mokhoa o matla o fanoang ke CRT. Nts'etsopele e tsoelang pele ea tlhahlobo ea komporo ke karolo ea bohlokoa bakeng sa tlhokomelo le tšehetso e eketsehileng. Qetellong, liphello tsa koetliso e ka kenyeletsoa litlhahlobong.
Ka nako ena, tlhahlobo ea khomphutha ea marang-rang ha se mokhoa o hlophisitsoeng oa ho skrine bakeng sa 'dementia', hlahloba ho senyeha ha kelello, kapa ho etsa tlhahlobo efe kapa efe ea bongaka. Leha ho le joalo, matla le bokhoni ba mokhoa ona, haholo-holo tšebeliso ea CRT, ho lekola mohopolo oa episodic (nako e khuts'oane), o moholo 'me o tla ba bohlokoa haholo lits'ebetsong tse tlang tsa tlhahlobo ea kelello, ho kenyelletsa. tlhahlobo ea 'dementia' le tlhahlobo, ho lekola pherekano ka mor'a ts'ebetso, ho theha matla a kelello bakeng sa ho etsa liqeto, ho lemoha likhaello tsa ka mor'a ho ferekanngoa, le khakanyo ea ho senyeha ho ka bang teng bakeng sa polokeho ea ho khanna. Phuputsong ena, ho bontšoa hore MemTrax e ka nka karolo e kholo ea phapang ea bokooa ba kelello. Ntle le moo, boleng ba cutoff bo hlahisoa bakeng sa mefuta-futa ea MTX e lekanang le lintlha tsa cutoff tsa MoCA bakeng sa MCI. Bakeng sa lipatlisiso tsa nako e tlang, ho khothaletsoa ho etsa lipatlisiso ka bongata bo boholo, bo hlalositsoeng ka ho hlaka ho theha MemTrax e le sesebelisoa sa ho hlahloba MCI. Baahi ba joalo ba lokela ho kenyelletsa lisampole tsa kliniki moo litaba tsa tlhahlobo li ka hlalosoang ka nepo kamoo ho ka khonehang 'me lithuto li ka lateloa ha nako e ntse e ea le MTX le liteko tse ling tsa kelello. Litlhahlobo tse joalo li ka tseba ho fapana ha litsela tsa ho fokotseha ha kelello, tse amanang le botsofali bo tloaelehileng le maemo a sa tšoaneng a pathological. Ha liteko tsa khomphutha le liregistries li ntse li tsoela pele, tlhaiso-leseling e ngata mabapi le maemo a bophelo bo botle bo tla fumaneha 'me ntle le pelaelo bo tla lebisa ntlafatsong e kholo ea tlhokomelo ea bophelo 'me ka tšepo e atamela ho thibela maemo a kang AD.
LINTLHA TSA LITLHAHO
Re rata ho leboha Anne van der Heijden, Hanneke Rasing, Esther Sinnema, le Melinda Lodders bakeng sa mosebetsi oa bona thutong ena. Ho phaella moo, re rata ho leboha MemTrax, LLC ka ho fana ka mefuta e feletseng ea mahala ea tlhahlobo ea MemTrax. Mosebetsi ona ke karolo ea lenaneo la lipatlisiso, le tšehelitsoeng ka lichelete ke Profinse ea Fryslân (01120657), Netherlands le Alfasigma Nederland BV (monehelo o tobileng ho nomoro ea thuso 01120657). E phatlalalitsoe: 12 Hlakola 2019
LITLHAHISO
| [1] | Jorm AF, Jolley D (1998) Ketsahalo ea 'dementia': tlhahlobo ea meta. Neurology 51, 728-733. |
| [2] | Hebert LE , Weuve. J , Scherr PA , Evans DA (2013) Lefu la Alzheimer United States (2010-2050) e hakantsoeng ho sebelisoa palo ea sechaba ea 2010. Neurology 80, 1778-1783. |
| [3] | Weuve. J , Hebert LE , Scherr PA , Evans DA (2015) Prevalence of Lefu la Alzheimer linaheng tsa US. Epidemiology 26, e4–6. |
| [4] | Brookmeyer R , Abdalla N , Kawas CH , Corrada MM (2018) Ho bolela esale pele ho ata ha preclinical le kliniki Lefu la Alzheimer United States. Alzheimers Dement 14, 121-129. |
| [5] | Borson S , Frank L , Bayley PJ , Boustani M , Dean M , Lin PJ , McCarten JR , Morris JC , Salmon DP , Schmitt FA , Stefanacci RG , Mendiondo MS , Peschin S , Hall EJ , Fillit H , Ashford JW (2013) Ho ntlafatsa tlhokomelo ea 'dementia': the karolo ea ho hlahloba le ho lemoha ho senyeha ha kelello. Alzheimers Dement 9, 151-159. |
| [6] | Loewenstein DA , Curiel RE , Duara R , Buschke H (2018) Litlhaloso tse ncha tsa kutloisiso bakeng sa ho lemoha ho senyeha ha mohopolo ho lefu la Alzheimer's preclinical. Kelo 25, 348–359. |
| [7] | Thyrian JR , Hoffmann W , Eichler T (2018) Mohlophisi: Tlhokomelo ea pele ea 'dementia' litabeng tsa tlhokomelo ea mantlha-hona joale le likhopolo. Curr Alzheimer Res 15, 2-4. |
| [8] | Ashford JW (2008) Ho hlahloba mathata a ho hopola, 'dementia' le Lefu la Alzheimer. Botsofali ba Bophelo bo Botle ba 4, 399-432. |
| [9] | Yokomizo JE , Simon SS , Bottino CM (2014) Tlhahlobo ea kelello bakeng sa dementia ho tlhokomelo ea mantlha: tlhahlobo e hlophisitsoeng. Int Psychogeratr 26, 1783-1804. |
| [10] | Bayley PJ , Kong JY , Mendiondo M , Lazzeroni LC , Borson S , Buschke H , Dean M , Fillit H , Frank L , Schmitt FA , Peschin S , Finkel S , Austen M , Steinberg C , Ashford JW (2015) Findings from the Tlhahlobo ea Memori ea Sechaba Lenaneo la letsatsi. J Am Geriatr Soc 63, 309–314. |
| [11] | Nasreddine ZS , Phillips NA , Bedirian V , Charbonneau S , Whitehead V , Collin I , Cummings JL , Chertkow H (2005) The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: sesebelisoa sa ho hlahloba ka bokhutšoanyane bakeng sa bokooa bo fokolang ba kelello. J Am Geriatr Soc 53, 695–699. |
| [12] | Ashford JW , Kolm P , Colliver JA , Bekian C , Hsu LN (1989) Tlhahlobo ea mokuli oa Alzheimer le boemo ba kelello ba mini-mental: ntho ea tšobotsi ea curve analysis. J Gerontol 44, P139–P146. |
| [13] | Ashford JW , Jarvik L (1985) Lefu la Alzheimer: na plasticity ea neuron e lebisa ho degeneration ea axonal neurofibrillary? N Engl J Med 313, 388–389. |
| [14] | Ashford JW (2015) Kalafo ea Lefu la Alzheimer: lefa la hypothesis ea cholinergic, neuroplasticity, le litaelo tsa nako e tlang. J Alzheimers Dis 47, 149-156. |
| [15] | Larner AJ (2015) Ts'ebetso e thehiloeng ho ts'ebetso lisebelisoa tsa ho hlahloba: tlhahlobo e atolositsoeng ea nako khahlano le khoebo e nepahetseng. Diagnostics (Basel) 5, 504-512. |
| [16] | Ashford JW , Shan M , Butler S , Rajasekar A , Schmitt FA (1995) Temporal quantification of Lefu la Alzheimer severity: mohlala oa 'index ea nako'. 'Dementia' 6, 269-280. |
| [17] | Ashford JW , Schmitt FA (2001) Ho etsa mohlala oa nako ea Lefu la Alzheimer. Curr Psychiatry Rep 3, 20-28. |
| [18] | Li K , Chan W , Doody RS , Quinn J , Luo S (2017) Prediction of conversion to Lefu la Alzheimer ka mehato ea longitudinal le data ea nako ea ketsahalo. J Alzheimers Dis 58, 361-371. |
| [19] | Dede E , Zalonis I , Gatzonis S , Sakas D (2015) Ho kopanngoa ha lik'homphieutha ka tlhahlobo ea kelello le boemo ba kakaretso ea libeteri tsa k'homphieutha tse sebelisoang hangata. Neurol Psychiatry Brain Res 21, 128-135. |
| [20] | Siraly E , Szabo A , Szita B , Kovacs V , Fodor Z , Marosi C , Salacz P , Hidasi Z , Maros V , Hanak P , Csibri E , Csukly G (2015) Monitoring the lipontšo tsa pele ho fokotseha ha kelello ho batho ba tsofetseng ka lipapali tsa khomphutha: thuto ea MRI. PLoS One 10, e0117918. |
| [21] | Gates NJ , Kochan NA (2015) Teko ea methapo ea kutlo ea khomphutha le inthaneteng bakeng sa ts'oaetso ea morao-rao le mathata a kelello: na re ntse re le teng? Curr Opin Psychiatry 28, 165-172. |
| [22] | Zygouris S , Tsolaki M (2015) Computerized cognitive testing for batho ba baholo: tlhahlobo. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 30, 13-28. |
| [23] | Possin KL , Moskowitz T , Erlhoff SJ , Rogers KM , Johnson ET , Steele NZR , Higgins JJ , Stiver. J , Alioto AG , Farias ST , Miller BL , Rankin KP (2018) The boko Health Tekanyetso ea ho lemoha le ho hlahloba mathata a neurocognitive. J Am Geriatr Soc 66, 150–156. |
| [24] | Shepard RN , Teghtsoonian M (1961) Ho boloka boitsebiso tlas'a maemo a atamelang boemo bo tsitsitseng. J Exp Psychol 62, 302–309. |
| [25] | Wixted JT , Goldinger SD , Squire LR , Kuhn JR , Papesh MH , Smith KA , Treiman DM , Steinmetz PN (2018) Coding of episodic memory in the botho hippocampus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 115, 1093-1098. |
| [26] | Ashford JW , Gere E , Bayley PJ (2011) Ho lekanya memori di-setting tsa sehlopha se seholo ka ho sebedisa teko ya kananelo e tswellang. J Alzheimers Dis 27, 885-895. |
| [27] | Weiner MW , Nosheny R , Camacho M , Truran-Sacrey D , Mackin RS , Flenniken D , Ulbricht A , Insel P , Finley S , Fockler J , Veitch D (2018) The boko Health Registry: Sethala se thehiloeng marang-rang sa ho hira, ho lekola, le ho beha leihlo barupeluoa ka nako e telele bakeng sa lithuto tsa neuroscience. Alzheimers Dement 14, 1063-1076. |
| [28] | Carson N , Leach L , Murphy KJ (2018) Tlhahlobo e ncha ea Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) cutoff scores. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 33, 379-388. |
| [29] | Faul F , Erdfelder E , Buchner A , Lang AG (2009) Matla a lipalo-palo a hlahloba ho sebelisa G * Matla a 3.1: liteko tsa ho lumellana le ho khutlela morao. Mekhoa ea ho Behav Res 41, 1149-1160. |
| [30] | Drasgow F (1986) Polychoric le polyserial correlations. Ho Encyclopedia of Statistical Sciences, Kotz S , Johnson NL , Bala CB, ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York, leqepheng la 68–74. |
| [31] | Revelle WR (2018) kelello: Mekhoa ea Boithuto ba Botho le Kelello. Univesithi ea Northwestern, Evanston, IL, USA. |
| [32] | Robin X , Turck N , Hainard A , Tiberti N , Lisacek F , Sanchez JC , Muller M (2011) pROC: sephutheloana se bulehileng bakeng sa R le S + ho hlahloba le ho bapisa li-curve tsa ROC. BMC Bioinformatics 12, 77. |
| [33] | Fluss R , Faraggi D , Reiser B (2005) Khakanyo ea Index ea Youden le ntlha e amanang le eona ea ho khaola. Biom J 47, 458-472. |
| [34] | Youden WJ (1950) Index bakeng sa liteko tsa tlhahlobo ea lintlha. Kankere ea 3, 32-35. |
| [35] | Kraemer H (1992) Ho Hlahloba Litlhahlobo Tsa Bongaka, Sage Publications, Inc., Newbury Park, CA. |
| [36] | Tsai CF , Lee WJ , Wang SJ , Shia BC , Nasreddine Z , Fuh JL (2012) Psychometrics of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) le likaroloana tsa eona: ho netefatsa phetolelo ea Taiwan ea MoCA le tlhahlobo ea khopolo ea karabo ea ntho. Int Psychogeratr 24, 651-658. |
| [37] | Aschenbrenner AJ , Gordon BA , Benzinger TLS , Morris JC , Hassenstab JJ (2018) Tšusumetso ea tau PET, amyloid PET, le molumo oa hippocampal ho ho lemoha lefu la Alzheimer. Neurology 91, e859–e866. |
| [38] | Puustinen. J , Luostarinen L , Luostarinen M , Pulliainen V , Huhtala H , Soini M , Suhonen J (2016) Tšebeliso ea MoCA le liteko tse ling tsa ts'oaetso ha ho hlahlojoa ho senyeha ha kelello ho bakuli ba tsofetseng ba nang le arthroplasty. Geriatr Orthop Surg Rehabil 7, 183–187. |
| [39] | Chen KL , Xu Y , Chu AQ , Ding D , Liang XN , Nasreddine ZS , Dong Q , Hong Z , Zhao QH , Guo QH (2016) Validation of the Chinese Version of Montreal Tekanyetso ya Boikutlo ba Motheo bakeng sa ho lekola bofokodi ba kelello bo bobebe. J Am Geriatr Soc 64, e285–e290. |
| [40] | Borland E , Nagga K , Nilsson PM , Minthon L , Nilsson ED , Palmqvist S (2017) The Montreal Cognitive Assessment: normative data from a large population-based cohort of Sweden. J Alzheimers Dis 59, 893-901. |
| [41] | Ciesielska N , Sokolowski R , Mazur E , Podhorecka M , Polak-Szabela A , Kedziora-Kornatowska K (2016) Ke tlhahlobo ea Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) e loketseng ho feta Tlhahlobo ea Naha ea Mini-Mental (MMSE) ho lemoha bokooa bo fokolang ba kelello (MCI) har'a batho ba lilemo tse fetang 60? Meta-analysis. Psychiatr Pol 50, 1039-1052. |
| [42] | Giebel CM , Challis D (2017) Sensitivity of the Mini-Mental State Examination, Montreal Tlhahlobo ea kelello le tlhahlobo ea Addenbrooke ea Cognitive Examination III bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea letsatsi le letsatsi. impairments in dementia: boithuto ba boithuto. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 32, 1085-1093. |
| [43] | Kopecek M , Bezdicek O , Sulc Z , Lukavsky. J , Stepankova H (2017) Montreal Cognitive Assessment le Mini-Mental State Examination li-indices tse ka tšeptjoang tsa phetoho ho batho ba baholo ba phetseng hantle. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 32, 868-875. |
| [44] | Roalf DR , Moore TM , Mechanic-Hamilton D , Wolk DA , Arnold SE , Weintraub DA , Moberg PJ (2017) Ho koala liteko tsa ho hlahloba kelello ka mathata a neurologic: Tsela e pakeng tsa tlhahlobo e khutšoanyane ea Montreal Cognitive Assessment le Mini-Mental State Examination. Alzheimers Dement 13, 947-952. |
| [45] | Solomon TM , deBros GB , Budson AE , Mirkovic N , Murphy CA , Solomon PR (2014) Tlhahlobo ea likamano tsa mehato e 5 e sebelisoang hangata ea ts'ebetso ea kelello le boemo ba kelello: ntlafatso. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 29, 718-722. |
| [46] | Mellor D , Lewis M , McCabe M , Byrne L , Wang T , Wang. J , Zhu M , Cheng Y , Yang C , Dong S , Xiao S (2016) Ho khetholla lisebelisoa tse loketseng tsa ho hlahloba le ho fokotsa lintlha bakeng sa ho senyeha ha kelello ho sampuli ea khale ea Sechaena. Tlhahlobo ea kelello 28, 1345-1353. |
| [47] | Snowdon A , Hussein A , Kent R , Pino L , Hachinski V (2015) Papiso ea lisebelisoa tsa elektronike le pampiri ea Montreal Cognitive Assessment Tool. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 29, 325-329. |
| [48] | Eisdorfer C , Cohen D , Paveza GJ , Ashford JW , Luchins DJ , Gorelick PB , Hirschman RS , Freels SA , Levy PS , Semla TP et al. (1992) Tlhahlobo e matla ea Global Deterioration Scale bakeng sa sethala Lefu la Alzheimer. Ke J Psychiatry 149, 190-194. |
| [49] | Butler SM , Ashford JW , Snowdon DA (1996) Lilemo, thuto, le liphetoho ho Mini-Mental State Exam lintlha tse ngata tsa basali ba hōlileng: liphuputso tsa Thuto ea Nun. J Am Geriatr Soc 44, 675–681. |
| [50] | Schmitt FA , Davis DG , Wekstein DR , Smith CD , Ashford JW , Markesbery WR (2000) "Preclinical" AD revisited: neuropathology of cognitively common common people abadala. Neurology 55, 370-376. |
| [51] | Schmitt FA , Mendiondo MS , Kryscio RJ , Ashford JW (2006) Ka bokhutšoanyane Skrine ea Alzheimer's bakeng sa boikoetliso ba kliniki. Res Pract Alzheimers Dis 11, 1–4. |
Mantsoe a bohlokoa: Lefu la Alzheimer, ts'ebetso e tsoelang pele ea ts'ebetso, 'dementia', batho ba tsofetseng, mohopolo, bokooa bo fokolang ba kelello, tlhahlobo.
Li-link tse amanang:
New Teko ea ho Tlanya menoana - Teko ea lebelo la Psychomotor
Lijo tsa MIND: Lijo tsa Boko bakeng sa Brain Booster
Matšoao a Coronavirus - Moholi oa Boko