CUTUKAN ALZHEIMER: SHIN NEURON PLSTICITY YANA SANYA GA AXONAL NEUROFIBRILLARY DEGENERATION?
New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 313, shafi na 388-389, 1985
CUTUKAN ALZHEIMER: SHIN NEURON PLSTICITY YANA SANYA GA AXONAL NEUROFIBRILLARY DEGENERATION?
Zuwa ga Edita: Gajdusek yayi hasashen cewa rushewar neurofilaments shine tushen cututtukan cututtukan da yawa (batun 14 ga Maris). 1 Don bayyana dalilin da ya sa wasu ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin kwakwalwa suna shafar ba wasu ba, ya ba da shawarar cewa kwayoyin da ke da manyan bishiyoyin axonal, saboda yawan buƙatun su na jigilar axonal, suna da haɗari musamman ga lalacewar axoskeletal. Hasashen Gajduseks yana da kyau amma ya kasa yin lissafi don lura cewa manyan otor neurons suna da ƙarancin tasiri a cutar Alzheimer.
Muna ba da shawarar cewa filastik tantanin halitta da girman bishiyar axonal na iya sanya buƙatu akan jigilar axonal. Plasticity na sel jijiyoyi yana da alaƙa da abubuwan trophic iri-iri,2 wasu daga cikinsu sun haɗa da jigilar axonal. Misali mai mahimmanci shine tsiro da ake gani a cikin septal norepinephrine tashoshi,3 mai yiwuwa tare da ɗimbin kwararar sabbin neurofilaments.
Neurons suna nuna babban matakin filastik mai yiwuwa su haifar da substrate na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da koyo; duka biyun suna fama da cutar Alzheimer. Hanyoyin norepinephrine an haɗa su da ilmantarwa mai alaka da lada,4 kuma an lalata ƙwayoyin norephinephrine na locus ceruleus a wasu lokuta. Cutar cutar Alzheimer.5 Alzheimer degeneration kuma yana lalata wurin asalin kwayoyin serotonin a cikin raphe na tsakiya,6 kuma an gabatar da serotonin a matsayin mai shiga tsakani na yanayin yanayin yanayi.7 Hanyoyin Acetylcholine da ke nunawa daga tsakiya na basalis na Meynert zuwa cortex na iya samun rawar. na latchkey a cikin hadadden ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ajiya da sake dawowa,8.9 kuma kamar yadda aka sani, cutar Alzheimer tana hade da asarar waɗannan jikin kwayoyin halitta da kuma enzymes.10 A matakin cortical na Alzheimer-type deterioration preferentially affects neuron in associative area, most strikingly the hippocampus and amygdala, 11 duka biyun suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya.12 Bugu da ƙari kuma, neurofibrillary degeneration yana faruwa a zaɓaɓɓu a cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta tare da axon da ke haɗa hippocampus tare da cortex na entorhinal.13 Tun da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta daga kowane ɗayan waɗannan ƙungiyoyi suna samar da haɗin gwiwa tare da shigar da bayanai,14 wanda ke buƙatar babban matakin filastik, lalacewar su yana goyan bayan ra'ayin cewa ƙwayoyin da ke nuna babban filastik suna da haɗari ga rushewar neurofibrillary.
Rushewar jinkirin tsarin jigilar jigilar axonal a cikin neurons tare da babban nau'in filastik na iya haifar da tabarbarewar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, babban alamar alama. dementia ko da kuwa dalili. Wannan rashin aikin axonal-filament na iya samar da tushen micropathological don haɗin da aka buga a baya tsakanin microtubular diathesis da nau'in Alzheimer. dementia 15,16 da kuma ɗaure tare da ƙananan nau'in cututtuka na dementia.
J. Wesson Ashford, MD, Ph.D.
Lissy Jarvik, MD, Ph.D.
Cibiyar Neuropsychiatric UCLA
Los Angeles, CA 90024