Ci gaban kayan aikin tantance cutar Alzheimer
- PMID: 31942517
- PMCID: PMC6880670
- DOI: 10.1002/agm2.12069
Abstract
A tushen sa. Alzheimer ta cutar (AD) wani tsari ne na cututtukan cututtuka wanda ke shafar neuroplasticity, wanda ke haifar da takamaiman rushewar ƙwaƙwalwar episodic. Wannan bita zai ba da dalili don kira don nunawa don gano farkon cutar Alzheimer, kimanta kayan aikin da ake da su a halin yanzu don gano cutar Alzheimer, da kuma mayar da hankali ga ci gaban MemTrax. gwajin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya akan layi, wanda ke ba da sabuwar hanya don gano farkon bayyanar cututtuka da ci gaba da rashin lafiyar da ke hade da cutar Alzheimer. MemTrax yana kimanta ma'auni waɗanda ke nuna tasirin hanyoyin neuroplastic akan koyo, ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, da fahimi, waɗanda shekaru da yawa suka shafa. Alzheimer ta cutar, musamman ayyukan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya na episodic, waɗanda ba za a iya auna su a halin yanzu tare da isassun daidaito don amfani mai ma'ana ba. Ƙarin ci gaban MemTrax zai zama babban darajar ga gano cutar Alzheimer da wuri kuma zai ba da goyon baya don gwada gwajin sa hannun farko.
GABATARWA
Alzheimer ta cutar (AD) cuta ce mai banƙyama, mai ci gaba, kuma ba za ta iya jurewa ba wacce a halin yanzu ana la'akari da fara cutar da kwakwalwa game da shekaru 50 kafin cikakkiyar bayyanar cututtuka (Braak Stage V). A matsayin jagora sanadin ciwon hauka, lissafin kashi 60-70% na duk cututtukan dementia, AD yana shafar kusan Amurkawa 5.7 da sama da mutane miliyan 30 a duk duniya. A cewar "Duniya Rahoton Alzheimer 2018, "akwai wani sabon yanayin cutar hauka ci gaba a kowane sakan 3 a duniya kuma kashi 66% na masu fama da ciwon hauka suna rayuwa a cikin ƙasa masu ƙarancin kuɗi da matsakaici.
Cutar Alzheimer ita ce babbar cutar da a halin yanzu ba ta da ingantattun hanyoyin warkewa, juyawa, kamawa, ko ma rage ci gaban cutar da zarar bayyanar cututtuka ta fara. Duk da ci gaban da aka samu fahimtar tushen pathophysiology na cutar AlzheimerMaganin wannan cuta ya ɗan ci gaba tun lokacin da Alois Alzheimer ya fara ba da rahoton AD a 1906. A halin yanzu magunguna biyar ne kawai daga cikin ɗaruruwan wakilai da aka gwada. Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka don maganin AD, ciki har da masu hana cholinesterase guda hudu-tetrahydroaminoacridine (Tacrine, wanda aka cire daga kasuwa saboda al'amurran da suka shafi guba), donedpezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), da galantamine (Razadyne) - daya NMDA receptor modulator (memantine [Namenda). ]), da kuma haɗin memantine da donepezil (Namzaric). Waɗannan wakilai sun nuna iyawa kaɗan kawai don gyara tasirin Cutar Alzheimer akan koyo, ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, da fahimta na ɗan gajeren lokaci, amma ba su nuna wani tasiri mai mahimmanci akan ci gaban cututtuka ba. Tare da matsakaicin yanayin cutar na shekaru 8-12 da shekaru na ƙarshe da ke buƙatar kulawa da kullun, jimillar kuɗin da aka ƙiyasta a duniya a cikin 2018 ya kasance dalar Amurka tiriliyan 1 kuma wannan zai tashi zuwa dalar Amurka tiriliyan 2 nan da 2030. Wannan kiyasin farashin shine an yi imanin cewa ba za a yi la'akari da shi ba idan aka yi la'akari da wahalar da ake fuskanta wajen kimanta yawan cutar hauka da tsada. Alal misali, Jia et al ya kiyasta cewa farashin cutar Alzheimer a kasar Sin ya fi girma fiye da wadanda aka yi amfani da su a cikin "Rahoton Alzheimer na Duniya 2015" bisa Wang et al.
An haɓaka shi akan ci gaba, AD yana farawa da yanayin asymptomatic preclinical na asibiti kuma yana ci gaba ta farkon lokaci tare da m rashin hankali (MCI; ko prodromal AD) yana shafar ikon adana sabbin bayanai a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar episodic da ci gaba da asarar tsofaffin abubuwan tunowa kafin haifar da cikakkiyar bayyanar cutar hauka.
FA'IDAR FARKON GANE AD
A halin yanzu, tabbataccen ganewar asali na AD har yanzu yana dogara ne akan gwajin cututtukan cututtuka na bayan mutuwa, kodayake ko wannan bincike na iya zama mai rikitarwa. Ko da yake an sami ci gaba mai mahimmanci a cikin masu alamar halittu na AD, ganewar asibiti na AD ya kasance wani tsari na kawar da wasu abubuwan da ke haifar da lalata. An kiyasta cewa kusan kashi 50% na marasa lafiya AD ba wadanda aka gano a lokacin rayuwarsu a kasashen da suka ci gaba har ma da cutar Alzheimer marasa lafiya a kasashe masu karamin karfi da matsakaitan kudin shiga ba za a iya gano su ba.
Ƙaddamar da ganowa da wuri tare da sa baki da wuri na gaba ya ƙara samun karɓuwa a matsayin mafi kyawun tsarin aiki don yaƙar AD. An yi ƙoƙari sosai don gano masu tasiri matakan rigakafin da za su iya rage yawan cutar hauka da cutar Alzheimer. Nazarin dogon lokaci na bin diddigin ya nuna, alal misali, cewa bin tsarin abinci na Rum-Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) rage cin abinci. hade da raguwar 53% a cikin ci gaban AD da kuma cewa ayyukan tsakiyar rayuwa na jiki da na tunani suna da alaƙa da raguwa mai yawa a cikin lalata. haɓaka tare da faɗakarwa cewa waɗannan nau'ikan karatun suna da wahalar sarrafawa.
Ko da yake ba a ba da shawarar yin gwajin cutar dementia a cikin yawan jama'a ba tare da alamun bayyanar cututtuka ba bisa ga shaidar da aka samu kafin ƙarshen 2012, yin gwaji a cikin mutanen da ke da alamun bayyanar cututtuka kuma suna cikin haɗari mai yawa. Cutar Alzheimer tana da mahimmanci don ganowa da wuri da kuma gano cutar Alzheimer, kuma yana da mahimmanci musamman don shirya marasa lafiya da 'yan uwa don hasashen cutar nan gaba. Bugu da ƙari, da aka ba da sabon shaidar matakan rigakafin da za su iya tasiri da fa'idodin da wuri ganewar asali na cutar Alzheimer cewa Alzheimer's Association ya zayyana a cikin wani rahoto na musamman mai suna "Cutar Alzheimer: Amfanin Kuɗi da Amfanin Farko na Farko" a cikin 2018 "Ƙwayoyin Cutar Cutar Alzheimer da Facts" - ciki har da fa'idodin kiwon lafiya, kuɗi, zamantakewa, da kuma tunanin tunaninmu mun yi imani da cewa Amurka Rigakafin Rigakafi. Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Sabis na iya sake duba shawarwarin su nan gaba kaɗan don goyon bayan tantance mutane fiye da wasu shekaru ba tare da alamun AD ba.
Ƙwaƙwalwar Episodic ita ce farkon aikin fahimi wanda cutar Alzheimer ta shafa kuma farkon gano cutar Alzheimer yana hana shi ta hanyar rashin dacewa, maimaituwa, abin dogaro, gajere, da kayan aiki mai daɗi wanda ke ba da sa ido ta atomatik na ci gaba akan lokaci kuma yana da sauƙin gudanarwa. Akwai babbar buƙata don kayan aikin tantance ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya waɗanda aka inganta kuma suna da yawa don amfani da su home da kuma a ofishin likita don bincike da ganowa da wuri na lalata da cutar Alzheimer. Ko da yake an sami ci gaba ta hanyar amfani da jini da ƙwayoyin cuta na cerebrospinal, gwajin kwayoyin halitta don ƙwayoyin haɗari, da kuma hoton kwakwalwa (ciki har da MRI da positron-emission tomography) don tsinkaya da kuma farkon gano cutar Alzheimer cuta, irin waɗannan matakan marasa fahimta suna da alaƙa da nisa kawai da cututtukan cututtukan Alzheimer. Babu takamaiman alamar biochemical a halin yanzu da ke nuna kowane canje-canjen kwakwalwa da ke da alaƙa da ainihin yanayin cutar Alzheimer, musamman canjin da kuma canji. asarar aikin synaptic da ke da alaƙa da shigar da sabbin bayanai don ƙwaƙwalwar episodic. Firayi na Brain yana nuna asarar synapse, wanda ke bayyana a matsayin ko dai asarar metabolism na gida ko raguwar jini, ko raguwa a cikin alamomin synaptic a cikin marasa lafiya masu rai, amma ba ya nuna daidai da ainihin dysfunctions na fahimi wanda ke nuna rashin lafiyar cutar Alzheimer. Yayin da APOE genotype yana shafar shekarun AD farkon farawa, Amyloid biomarkers kawai suna nuna alamun kamuwa da cutar hauka, kuma tau yana da hadaddun alaƙa amma mara ƙayyadaddun alaƙa da cutar hauka. Duk waɗannan matakan suna da wahalar samu, masu tsada, kuma ba za a iya maimaita su cikin sauƙi ko akai-akai ba. Tattaunawa dalla-dalla game da waɗannan abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da cutar Alzheimer suna da yawa a cikin wallafe-wallafe kuma masu sha'awar karatu na iya bincika bita da nassoshi da yawa a ciki.
Akwai nau'i uku kima na fahimi kayan aiki don auna cutar Alzheimer: (1) kayan aikin da ma'aikacin kiwon lafiya ke gudanarwa; (2) kayan aikin da ake sarrafa kansu; da (3) kayan aikin bayar da rahoto. Wannan bita zai taƙaita abubuwan da ake bayarwa na kiwon lafiya a halin yanzu da kuma matsayin kayan aikin bincike mai sarrafa kansa wanda ke da damar (1) gano farkon fahimi masu alaƙa da AD kafin bayyanar cututtuka ta fara da (2) tantance ci gaban cuta.
AD KAYAN KAYAN GANIN KIWON LAFIYA
Ya kamata a yi la'akari da waɗannan abubuwan yayin zabar wani Binciken cutar Alzheimer kayan aiki ko ƙarin kayan aiki:
- Manufofin da saitunan yaƙin neman zaɓe. Misali, don babban shirin gwajin cutar Alzheimer na ƙasar baki ɗaya, za a fi so ta amfani da kayan aiki mai sauƙi don gudanarwa, ƙarfi, da inganci. A gefe guda, a cikin yanayin asibiti, daidaito da ikon bambance nau'in ciwon hauka daban-daban zai fi so.
- La'akarin farashi, gami da farashin kayan aiki da horar da masu ba da jinya da lokacin gudanarwa.
- Abubuwan da ake amfani da su, ciki har da yarda da kayan aiki ga hukumomin gudanarwa, likitoci, marasa lafiya; sauƙi na gudanarwa, ƙididdige ƙima, da fassarar ƙima, gami da haƙiƙa na kayan aiki (watau tasirin ma'aikacin / likitancin da ke gudanar da gwajin akan duka gwajin da maki); tsawon lokacin da ake buƙata don kammalawa; da bukatun muhalli.
- Abubuwan la'akari da kadarorin kayan aiki, gami da: hankali ga shekaru, jima'i, ilimi, harshe, da al'adu; psychometric Properties, ciki har da tsauri kewayo; daidaito da daidaito; inganci da aminci, ciki har da ruggedness (ƙaddamar da canje-canjen da suka shafi amfani da kayan aiki daga, alal misali, masu kimantawa daban-daban akan sakamakon gwajin) da kuma ƙarfin (ƙananan bambancin sakamakon gwajin da suka shafi wurare da wurare daban-daban); da kuma ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun hankali da hankali. Ruggedness da ƙarfi suna da mahimmanci musamman la'akari lokacin zabar kayan aikin da za a yi amfani da shi don babban yaƙin neman zaɓe na cutar Alzheimer na ƙasa.
Kyakkyawan kayan aiki don gwajin cutar Alzheimer zai yi amfani da shi a duk tsawon jima'i, shekaru, da kulawa canje-canje na farko suna nuna alamun cutar Alzheimer cuta kafin bayyanar bayyanar cututtuka na asibiti. Bugu da ƙari, irin wannan kayan aiki ya kamata ya zama harshe-, ilimi-, da al'ada-tsaka-tsaki (ko aƙalla daidaitacce) kuma za a iya amfani da shi a duk duniya tare da ƙananan buƙatun tabbatarwa a cikin al'adu daban-daban. Irin wannan kayan aiki ba ya samuwa a halin yanzu ko da yake an fara ƙoƙari ta wannan hanya tare da ci gaba na Gwajin ƙwaƙwalwar MemTrax tsarin, wanda za a tattauna a sashe na gaba.
Ma'aikatan asibiti sun fara haɓaka kayan kima na fahimi a cikin 1930s kuma an haɓaka kida da yawa a cikin shekaru. An buga ingantattun bita akan kayan kida da yawa-ciki har da Jarabawar Jiha Mai Mahimmanci, Ƙimar Fahimtar Fahimtar Montreal (MoCA), Mini-Cog, da Lalacewar ƙwaƙwalwa Allon (MIS), da Brief Alzheimer Screen (BAS) - waɗanda za a iya amfani da su wajen tantancewa da gano farkon cutar Alzheimer wanda ma'aikacin lafiya ke gudanarwa. Ɗaya daga cikin gwaje-gwajen da aka haɓaka a hankali shine BAS, wanda ke ɗaukar kusan mintuna 3. Kowane ɗayan waɗannan kayan aikin yana auna nau'ikan ayyuka na musamman amma sau da yawa masu jere na ayyukan fahimi. An sani da kyau cewa kowane gwaji yana da siffofi na musamman da kuma amfani kuma ana amfani da haɗin kayan aiki sau da yawa don yin cikakken kima a cikin asibiti. Abin lura, yawancin waɗannan kayan aikin an fara haɓaka su cikin harshen Ingilishi a cikin mahallin al'adun Yammacin Turai don haka suna buƙatar sanin duka biyun. Sanannen keɓancewa sun haɗa da Ƙwaƙwalwar Ƙwaƙwalwar Ƙwaƙwalwar Ƙwaƙwalwar Ƙwaƙwalwa (MES), wanda aka haɓaka cikin Sinanci, da gwajin Canjin Ƙwaƙwalwar Ƙwaƙwalwa, wanda aka haɓaka cikin Mutanen Espanya.
Table 1 ya lissafa ingantattun kayan aikin da suka dace da gwajin cutar Alzheimer a ƙarƙashin saituna daban-daban kuma De Roeck et al suka ba da shawarar bisa tsarin bita na nazarin ƙungiyar. Don allo mai faɗin yawan jama'a, ana ba da shawarar MIS azaman ɗan gajeren kayan aikin dubawa (<5minti) da MoCA azaman kayan aiki mai tsayi (>minti 10). Duk waɗannan gwaje-gwajen an ƙirƙira su ne a cikin Ingilishi, kuma MoCA tana da juzu'i da fassarorin da yawa don haka ana buƙatar yin la'akari da bambancin nau'ikan nau'ikan. A cikin saitin asibitin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, MES ana ba da shawarar ban da MIS da MoCA don bambanta tsakanin Nau'in cutar Alzheimer's dementia da nau'in ciwon hauka na gaba. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa sakamakon gwaje-gwajen nunawa ba ganewar asali bane amma muhimmin mataki na farko zuwa ga gano da kuma kula da AD ta hanyar likitoci. Tebur 1. Na'urar tantancewa da aka ba da shawarar don cutar Alzheimer (AD) allon shawarar De Roeck et al
| Tsawon (min) | Memory | Harshe | Wayarwa | Ayyukan gudanarwa | Praxis | Iyawar gani na gani | hankali | dace | Musamman ga AD | Hankali ga AD | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MIS | 4 | Y | Allon tushen yawan jama'a | 97% | 86% | ||||||
| Asibiti | 97% | NR | |||||||||
| MoCA | 10-15 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Allon tushen yawan jama'a | 82% | 97% |
| Asibiti | 91% | 93% | |||||||||
| WATA | 7 | Y | Y | Asibiti | 99% | 99% |
- AD, cutar Alzheimer; MES, Ƙwaƙwalwar Ƙwaƙwalwar Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwaƙwalwa ; MIS, Allon Rashin Ƙwaƙwalwar Ƙwaƙwalwa; MoCA, Ƙididdigar Fahimtar Fahimtar Montreal; NR, ba a ruwaito ba; Y, aikin da aka nuna yana auna.
Tare da fahimtar cewa Cutar Alzheimer na tasowa a kan ci gaba na tsawon lokaci mai tsawo wanda zai iya komawa baya fiye da shekaru biyar kafin bayyanar da cikakkiyar rashin lafiya., Kayan aiki wanda zai iya maimaita auna ƙwaƙwalwar episodic da sauran ayyuka masu hankali, irin su hankali, kisa, da saurin amsawa, tsayin daka da kuma a cikin yanayi daban-daban (gida da cibiyar kula da lafiya) a duk duniya, yana da matukar bukata.
YANZU YANZU NA KAYAN HANKALI NA AD WADANDA AKE IYA GIRMA DA KAI.
Daidaitaccen ma'auni na Ciwon Alzheimer daga lokacin da ya dace ta hanyar ci gaba zuwa ƙananan hauka yana da mahimmanci don gano cutar Alzheimer da wuri., amma har yanzu ba a gano kayan aiki mai ƙarfi don wannan dalili ba. Kamar yadda cutar Alzheimer galibi cuta ce ta neuroplasticity, ta tsakiya Batun ya zama gano kayan aiki ko kayan aikin da za su iya bincikar cutar Alzheimer daidai takamaiman canje-canje a duk matakan cutar Alzheimer. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci a iya auna waɗannan canje-canje ta amfani da ma'auni na duniya ga yawan jama'a duk da haka na musamman ga mutum na tsawon lokaci, don gano hulɗar tsakanin cutar Alzheimer da abubuwan da ke haifar da tsufa na al'ada, da kuma tantance inda batun ke ta'allaka kan ci gaba na farko. raguwar fahimi hade da cutar Alzheimer dangane da tsufa na al'ada. Irin wannan kayan aiki ko kayan aiki zai fi dacewa da tabbatar da isassun rajista, bin ƙa'ida, da kuma riƙe batutuwan da wataƙila za su ci gajiyar ayyukan warkewa da ba da damar tsara jiyya da kimanta tasirin su.
Binciken ka'idodin fahimi da yawa da kuma hanyoyin da za a iya tantance ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya sun gano aikin ci gaba da ganewa (CRT) a matsayin ma'auni yana da tushen ka'idar da ta dace don haɓaka farkon cutar Alzheimer kayan aunawa. An yi amfani da CRT sosai a cikin saitunan ilimi zuwa nazarin episodic memory. Yin amfani da na'ura mai kwakwalwa ta CRT akan layi, ana iya auna ƙwaƙwalwar juzu'i a kowane tazara, sau da yawa a kowace rana. Irin wannan CRT na iya zama daidai daidai don auna sauye-sauye na dabara da ke da alaƙa da wuri Cutar cutar Alzheimer kuma ta bambanta waɗannan sauye-sauye daga sauran lahani na jijiyoyi da na kowa canje-canje masu alaƙa da shekaru. Gwajin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar MemTrax da aka haɓaka don wannan dalili ɗaya ce ta kan layi CRT kuma ana samunsa akan Yanar gizo ta Duniya tun 2005 (www.memtrax.com). MemTrax yana da ƙarfin fuska- da ingantaccen inganci. An zaɓi hotuna a matsayin abin ƙarfafawa ta yadda za a iya rage tasirin harshe, ilimi, da al'adu don sauƙin daidaitawa a ƙasashe daban-daban na duniya, wanda ya tabbatar da aiwatar da fassarar Sinanci a kasar Sin (www.memtrax. cn da haɓakar mini WeChat sigar shirin don ɗaukar halaye masu amfani a kasar Sin).
The MemTrax gwajin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya yana gabatarwa 50 abubuwan motsa jiki (hotuna) zuwa batutuwan da aka umurce su don halartar kowane motsa jiki da gano maimaita kowane motsi ta hanyar amsa guda ɗaya da aka samar da sauri kamar yadda batun zai iya. A Gwajin MemTrax yana ɗaukar ƙasa da mintuna 2.5 kuma yana auna daidaiton ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya na abubuwan da aka koya (wanda aka wakilta a matsayin daidai kashi [PCT]) da lokacin ganewa (matsakaicin lokacin amsa daidai [RGT]). Matakan MemTrax PCT suna nuna al'amuran neurophysiological waɗanda ke faruwa a lokacin ɓoyewa, adanawa, da matakan dawo da bayanan da ke goyan bayan ƙwaƙwalwar episodic. Matakan MemTrax RGT suna nuna ingantaccen tsarin gani na kwakwalwa da hanyoyin sadarwar gani na gani don gano hadaddun abubuwa masu maimaitawa, da zartarwa da sauran ayyukan fahimi da saurin mota. Kwakwalwa tana da matakai da yawa don sarrafa bayanan gani da adana su a cikin hanyar sadarwa da aka rarraba. Gudun ganewa yana nuna adadin lokacin da cibiyoyin sadarwar kwakwalwa ke buƙata don dacewa da abin ƙarfafawa wanda aka gabatar kwanan nan da aiwatar da amsa. Babban rashi na farkon cutar Alzheimer shine gazawar kafa tsarin rufaffiyar hanyar sadarwa, ta yadda ba a ci gaba da adana bayanai da kyau don a gane shi daidai ko kuma yadda ya kamata.
Bugu da ƙari, MemTrax kuma yana nazarin hanawa. An umurci batun don amsawa yayin gwajin kawai lokacin da maimaita abin ƙarfafawa / sigina ya kasance. Madaidaicin ƙin yarda shine lokacin da jigo bai amsa hoton da aka nuna a karon farko ba. Saboda haka, batun dole ne ya hana sha'awar amsa sabon hoto, wanda zai iya zama ƙalubale musamman bayan an nuna hotuna biyu ko uku a jere. Sabili da haka, amsawar ƙarya alama ce ta rashi a cikin tsarin hanawa na lobes na gaba, kuma irin wannan nau'in nakasa yana bayyana a cikin marasa lafiya tare da ciwon daji na gaba (Ashford, kulawar asibiti).
MemTrax yanzu an yi amfani da fiye da mutane 200,000 a cikin ƙasashe huɗu: Faransa (HAPPYneuron, Inc.); Amurka (Kiwon Lafiya Registry, jagora a cikin daukar ma'aikata don cutar Alzheimer da nazarin MCI, Netherlands (Jami'ar Wageningen); da China (SJN Biomed LTD). Bayanai kwatanta MemTrax zuwa MoCA a cikin tsofaffi marasa lafiya daga Netherlands sun nuna cewa MemTrax na iya tantance aikin fahimi yana bambanta tsofaffi na al'ada daga mutane masu laushi. rashin aiki na fahimi. Bugu da ƙari, MemTrax ya bayyana yana bambanta Parkinsonian/Lewy ciwon jiki (lokacin jinkirin ganewa) daga nau'in cutar Alzheimer's dementia dangane da lokacin ganewa, wanda zai iya ba da gudummawa ga ƙarin daidaiton bincike. Wani binciken shari'ar da aka buga ya kuma nuna cewa MemTrax za a iya amfani da shi don bin diddigin ingantattun hanyoyin warkewa. farkon cutar Alzheimer marasa lafiya.
Ana buƙatar ƙarin karatu don tantancewa:
- Madaidaicin MemTrax, musamman a cikin rarrabe abubuwan da suka shafi shekaru gama gari akan fahimi, gami da koyo da ƙwaƙwalwa, daga canje-canje masu tsayi da ke hade da farkon AD.
- Takamaiman dangantakar MemTrax awo zuwa ci gaba na Ci gaban cutar Alzheimer daga rashin fahimta da wuri zuwa matsakaicin hauka. Kamar yadda MemTrax za'a iya maimaita akai-akai, wannan hanyar zata iya samar da tushen fahimi kuma yana iya nuna canje-canjen da suka dace na asibiti akan lokaci.
- Ko MemTrax zai iya auna raguwar fahintar magana (SCD). A halin yanzu, babu ainihin kayan aikin tantancewa da zai iya gano SCD. Kayayyakin musamman na MemTrax suna buƙatar bincike mai zurfi game da amfanin sa don gano SCD kuma a halin yanzu bincike ɗaya yana gudana a China game da wannan.
- Har zuwa wane Gwajin MemTrax na iya yin hasashen canje-canjen nan gaba a cikin marasa lafiyar cutar Alzheimer da kansa kuma tare da sauran gwaje-gwaje da masu gano halittu.
- Amfanin MemTrax da ma'auni waɗanda aka samo daga matakan MemTrax kadai ko a haɗin gwiwa tare da wasu gwaje-gwaje da masu alamar halitta azaman Alzheimer's cututtukan cututtuka a cikin asibiti.
GABATARWA AKA
Don karbuwar asibiti da na al'umma, yakamata a yi bincike na "ƙididdige ƙima" don tantance fa'idar gwaji don gano cutar Alzheimer na farko da kayan gano wuri. Lokacin da ake yin gwajin cutar Alzheimer ya kamata a fara wani muhimmin al'amari ne wanda ke buƙatar yin la'akari a gaba. Wannan ƙayyadaddun ya dogara ne akan yadda da wuri kafin fara bayyanar cututtuka za a iya gano gawar da ta dace a asibiti. Akwai binciken da ke nuna cewa na farko Canje-canjen fahimi da ake iya ganowa da ke da alaƙa da haɓakar hauka faruwa shekaru 10 kafin farkon bayyanar cututtuka na asibiti. Nazarin Neurofibrillary a autopsy yana gano cutar Alzheimer zuwa kusan shekaru 50 kuma yana iya ƙarawa har zuwa samartaka. Har yanzu ba a tantance ko za a iya fassara waɗannan sauye-sauyen farko zuwa alamomin da za a iya ganowa ba rashin aiki da hankali. Tabbas, kayan aikin yanzu ba su da wannan matakin hankali. Tambayar ita ce ko nan gaba, mafi mahimmancin hankali, gwaje-gwaje na iya gano canje-canje da yawa a baya a cikin fahimi aikin da ke da alaƙa da cutar Alzheimer kuma tare da takamaiman takamaiman aiki. Tare da madaidaicin MemTrax, musamman tare da gwaje-gwaje da yawa akai-akai akai-akai akai-akai na tsawon lokaci, yana iya yiwuwa a karon farko don waƙa da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya kuma canje-canjen fahimi a cikin mutane da ke cikin haɗari sama da shekaru goma kafin bayyanar rashin lafiya ta asibiti tasowa. Bayanai kan abubuwan da suka shafi annoba iri-iri (misali, kiba, hauhawar jini, matsalar damuwa bayan tashin hankali, raunin kwakwalwa) sun nuna cewa wasu mutane sun riga sun kasance. wanda aka ƙaddara ga rashin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da / ko don haɓaka haɓakawa da cutar Alzheimer a cikin shekaru arba'in ko kafin haka. Wadannan tartsatsin jama'a a Hadarin yana nuna bayyanannen buƙatu don ganowa da tantance alamun farkon fahimi na farkon neurodegeneration da cutar Alzheimer. tare da kayan aiki masu dacewa.
GODIYA
Marubutan sun gode wa Melissa Zhou saboda sukar da ta yi karanta labarin.
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS
XZ ya shiga cikin yin la'akari da bita kuma ya tsara rubutun; JWA ta shiga cikin samar da abubuwan da suka shafi MemTrax da sake duba rubutun.