I-Neurobiology of Addiction: Ukwembula Indima Yobuchopho
Isingeniso
Izixhumanisi zokulutha ezifweni ezithinta ubuchopho bakho.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuphuza amaphilisi ezinhlungu anqunyiwe, ukugembula kotshwala, noma i-nicotine, ukunqoba noma yikuphi ukulutheka akulula ukukumisa.
Ukulutheka kuvame ukuvela lapho umjikelezo wokuzijabulisa wobuchopho ukhungatheka ngendlela engase ibe amahlalakhona. Ngezinye izikhathi, lezi zinkinga zingahlala unomphela.
Uma kukhulunywa ngokulutheka, yilokhu okudlalwayo uma uhlangabezana nesistimu noma indlela emele indima ye-dopamine.
Ngokufanayo, lapho umuntu eba umlutha wento ethile, ngokuvamile kungenxa yokuthi ubuchopho sebuqalile ukushintsha. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba into eluthayo ingabangela impendulo enkulu uma ifika ebuchosheni.
Kulesi sihloko, uzothola indima yobuchopho ku-neurobiology yokulutha.
Iyini I-Neurobiology Of Addiction?
Funda kabanzi mayelana imidlalo yobuchopho kanye nomthelela wayo ebuchosheni lapha.
Kungase kube inkimbinkimbi, kodwa i-neurobiology ibalulekile ocwaningweni lwamangqamuzana ohlelo lwezinzwa nendlela asebenzisana ngayo.
Uvame ukuba yi-finch futhi udonse isandla sakho lapho uthinta isitsha esishisayo noma uzwa ubuhlungu.
Ngakho-ke, i-neurobiology ikwenza uhlole ukuthi ubuchopho bungakusiza kanjani ekwenzeni lezi zinqumo eziqulekile nezingazi.
Sekuyiminyaka ethile kukholakala ukuthi ukulutheka kuwukuzikhethela kanye nokwehluleka kokuziphatha okuthile. Ngakho-ke, ukuqeda inganekwane kubangelwa kakhulu izinguquko esakhiweni kanye umsebenzi wobuchopho.
Iyiphi Ingxenye Yobuchopho Ebangela Ukulutheka?
Kunezimbangela ezihlukahlukene zokulutheka, kanti ezinye zazo yilezi:
- I-Genetics (ehlanganisa cishe i-40-60% yengozi yokulutha)
- Impilo yengqondo (ikakhulukazi abantu abadala kanye nentsha ebhekene nayo njengoba besengozini enkulu yokusebenzisa izidakamizwa nokuba umlutha kunabo bonke abantu).
- Imvelo (indawo yasekhaya enesiphithiphithi, abazali abasebenzisa izidakamizwa, ukusebenza kabi ezifundweni, ithonya lontanga, nokuhlukunyezwa)
Ukuthuthukiswa kwakamuva kwezifundo ze-neurobiology kuye kwasikhanyisela endleleni yokubhekana nokulutheka, ikakhulukazi uhlelo lokuvuza lobuchopho.
Izingxenye ezihlukene zobuchopho ziyaphazamisa esigabeni ngasinye senqubo yokulutheka futhi zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuqaleni kokusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa kanye nokukhula kwazo.
Phezulu kohlu uhlelo lwe-mesolimbic dopamine. Kubhekiselwa endleleni yomvuzo yobuchopho.
Lesi yisifunda esibalulekile sobuchopho esisinika injabulo. Ngokusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa, ingqondo ivamise ukungazweli ezintweni, ikakhulukazi uma udla i-cocaine, ama-opioid, notshwala. Ekugcineni kuphumela ekwandeni kokukhululwa kwe-dopamine, engavuselela ukuziphatha kwakho okuphoqelekile.
Ukusebenzisa kabi Izidakamizwa Noma Ukulutheka Kuthinta Ubuchopho Bakho
Uma uhlushwa umlutha wezidakamizwa okungapheli kanye nokuba umlutha wotshwala, kungabangela ukuncipha okukhulu kwento empunga.
Ukuphazamiseka kokusetshenziswa kotshwala kubandakanya ukuncishiswa kosayizi welobe engaphambili, indawo esisiza ekuthatheni izinqumo.
Uma umuntu ekhona ukudla i-cocaine isikhathi eside, izoxhunyaniswa nevolumu ye-prefrontal cortex encishisiwe. Ekugcineni, ukusetshenziswa kwe-opioid okungapheli kungathinta izifunda zobuchopho ezilawula ubuhlungu.
Ezinye izindawo zobuchopho ezilimala ngenxa yokusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa yilezi:
1. I-Cerebellum
Inesibopho sokulinganisa kanye namakhono; ukulimala ku-cerebellum kungaholela ekuhambeni, ukuxhumanisa ukunyakaza, nezindaba zokukhuluma.
2. Ukusabela Ngokucindezeleka
Uma ubuchopho buhlala bulwa noma imodi yokundiza, umuntu angase athukuthele, acindezeleke, acasuke, akhathazeke, futhi acindezeleke.
3. Imvubu
Lesi sifunda sihlobanisa inkumbulo yakho namaphethini okufunda.
Uma umuntu eseneminyaka edla izinto, kungaba nomthelela enkumbulo namandla okugcina izinto ezintsha.
Izindlela Zokwelapha
Ukuqonda i-neurobiology yokulutheka kuvule indlela yamasu okwelapha amasha.
Ngakho-ke, ukukhomba uhlelo lomvuzo lobuchopho ngokungenelela kwezemithi, njengemithi, kuvimbela imiphumela yezidakamizwa futhi kungasiza ukulutheka ukulutheka.
Kodwa-ke, ungenza Amaqhinga Asekelwe Ekucabangeni kanye ne-CBT noma Ukwelashwa Kokuziphatha Kokuqonda. Lokhu kusiza abantu ngabanye ukuthi baphinde balawule isistimu yabo yomvuzo futhi balawule izifiso ngempumelelo.
Uma uzizwa ucindezelwe noma ufuna ukuqeda umlutha wotshwala noma izinto, ungangabazi ukuxhumana nodokotela wezengqondo. Lokhu kuzokwenza ucabange kuyimfihlo ukuthi umuntu angakwazi kanjani ukukusiza.
Ngakho-ke, ukulutheka kuwukusebenzelana okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kwezakhi zofuzo, i-neurobiology, kanye nezici zemvelo, futhi kufanele ukulaphe ngokushesha lapho kutholakala khona.