Ukwelashwa Kwezinhlobo Ezivamile Zomdlavuza

Enye yezinkinga ezinkulu kakhulu zezempilo esibhekene nazo namuhla umdlavuza, iqembu lezifo ezibangelwa ukwanda okunganqatshiwe kanye nokuqubuka kwamangqamuzana ahlakazekile. Abacwaningi nochwepheshe bezokwelapha bahlale bezama ukuthola izindlela ezintsha zokwelapha nokuvimbela lesi simo, esithinta izigidi zabantu emhlabeni wonke. 

Lesi sihloko sizobheka ezinye zezinhlobo zomdlavuza ezivame kakhulu, ukuthi zelashwa kanjani, kanye nezindlela zokwelapha ezintsha nezisezingeni eliphezulu. 

Breast Cancer

Nakuba kudlange kakhulu kwabesifazane, amadoda awagonyiwe ekubeni nomdlavuza webele. 

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza webele kuvame ukufaka eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yalezi zindlela ezilandelayo:

  • Kokubili i-lumpectomy ne-mastectomy yizinhlobo zokuhlinzwa ezisetshenziselwa ukususa izimila (ukususwa kwebele lonke).
  • Ukwelashwa ngemisebe ukusetshenziswa kwemisebe enamandla amakhulu ukuqeda amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
  • Ku-chemotherapy, izidakamizwa zisetshenziselwa ukuqeda amangqamuzana omdlavuza kanye nokunciphisa ubukhulu bezimila.
  • Imithi yokusiza ukuvimbela umthelela wama-hormone kumaseli omdlavuza ezimeni ezinomdlavuza webele ozwela ihomoni.
  • Izidakamizwa ezisetshenziselwa ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe zenzelwe ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza ngokukhetha kuyilapho kubangela umonakalo omncane esicutshini esinempilo.
  • I-Immunotherapy iyindlela yokwelapha umdlavuza esebenzisa amasosha omzimba esiguli.
  • I-Cryoablation, lapho isimila siqandiswe ukuze sibulawe, lokhu ukwelashwa okusha okuphenywayo.

Lung Cancer

Kuyo yonke imidlavuza, umdlavuza wamaphaphu unezinga eliphezulu lokufa kwabantu. I-Moffitt Cancer Centre eTampa, FL yinhlangano eyodwa ebilokhu iphambili ocwaningweni nokwelashwa komdlavuza iminyaka eminingi, inika iziguli nemindeni yazo ithemba.

Izifundo zokwelapha ezingaba khona zihlanganisa:

  • Isimila kanye nezicubu zamaphaphu eziseduze zizokhishwa ngokuhlinzwa.
  • Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kusebenzisa imisebe evela ngaphandle (imisebe ye-beam yangaphandle) noma ngaphakathi (i-brachytherapy).
  • I-Chemotherapy isebenzisa izidakamizwa ukuqeda amangqamuzana omdlavuza kanye/noma ukushwabanisa amathumba.
  • Ekwelapheni okuhlosiwe, izidakamizwa zisetshenziselwa ukuhlasela kuphela amangqamuzana omdlavuza wamaphaphu anoguquko oluthile.
  • I-Immunotherapy ibhekisela kumkhuba wokuvuselela amasosha omzimba ukulwa nomdlavuza.
  • Ukwelapha nge-Photodynamic (okusebenzisa imithi ezwela ukukhanya ukuze kubulawe amangqamuzana omdlavuza) kanye nokwelashwa ngofuzo kuyizibonelo ezimbili zezindlela zokwelapha ezinoveli ososayensi abaziphenyayo.

I-prostate Cancer

Umdlavuza wendlala yesinye umdlavuza ovame kakhulu emadodeni. Ukwelashwa okulandelayo kuyatholakala:

  • Ukuhlinzwa: I-Radical Prostatectomy (ukususwa kwayo yonke i-prostate) noma ingxenye ye-prostatectomy (ukususwa kwezingxenye ezinomdlavuza kuphela).
  • Ukwelashwa ngemisebe: Imisebe yokukhanya yangaphandle noma imisebe yangaphakathi (i-brachytherapy) ingasetshenziswa.
  • Ukwelashwa kweHormone: Imithi ingavimba ukukhiqizwa kwe-testosterone, ebhebhezela ukukhula komdlavuza wendlala yesinye.
  • I-Chemotherapy: Izidakamizwa zinikezwa ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza noma ukunciphisa izimila.
  • immunotherapy: Ukwelashwa okusebenzisa amasosha omzimba ukulwa namaseli omdlavuza.
  • Izindlela zokwelapha ezigxilile: Izinqubo ezihlasela kancane eziqondise futhi zicekele phansi izindawo ezithile zomdlavuza ngaphakathi kwe-prostate.

I-Colon Cancer

Umdlavuza we-Colorectal, ongahlasela ikholoni noma i-rectum, uvame kakhulu. 

Phakathi kwemithi yokwelapha etholakalayo kukhona:

  • Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, indawo ethintekile yekholoni noma i-rectum iyasikwa, bese izicubu ezinempilo zihlanganiswa.
  • Amaseli omdlavuza angabulawa ngemisebe enamandla amakhulu ngenqubo ebizwa nge-radiation therapy.
  • I-Chemotherapy ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ukuqeda amangqamuzana omdlavuza kanye/noma ukunciphisa amathumba.
  • Imithi elandela izinguquko ezithile kumaseli omdlavuza we-colorectal yaziwa ngokuthi "ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe."
  • Ku-immunotherapy, amasosha omzimba aqeqeshelwe ukubona nokubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza.

Intuthuko Ekulapheni Umdlavuza

Enye yentuthuko ethembisa kakhulu ekwelapheni umdlavuza umuthi owenziwe umuntu. Lolu hlobo lokwelashwa luthunga izinhlelo zokwelapha ezisekelwe ekwakhekeni kofuzo kwesiguli kanye nezici ezithile zomdlavuza, ezingaholela ekwelashweni okusebenzayo nokuhlosiwe okufana nalokhu:

  • Ukwelashwa kwe-CAR T-cell: Uhlobo lwe-immunotherapy lapho ama-T-cells esiguli (uhlobo lwamangqamuzana omzimba omzimba) ashintshwa ukuze abone futhi ahlasele amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Le ndlela ibe nemiphumela ethembisayo, ikakhulukazi ezinhlotsheni ezithile zomdlavuza wegazi.
  • I-Liquid biopsy: Indlela engangeneleli yokuthola umdlavuza ngokuhlaziya amasampula egazi ukuthola imikhondo yamaseli omdlavuza noma i-DNA. I-Liquid biopsies ingase ivumele ukutholwa kusengaphambili, ukuqapha okunembe kakhudlwana kwenqubekelaphambili yokwelashwa, kanye nokuhlonzwa okungcono kokuphinde kube khona okungenzeka.
  • I-Nanotechnology: Ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlayiya ezincane noma amathuluzi ukuletha izidakamizwa ngokuqondile kumaseli omdlavuza, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa kuyilapho kunciphisa imiphumela engemihle. I-Nanotechnology ingase iguqule ukulethwa kwezidakamizwa, ukuthwebula izithombe, kanye nokuhlinzwa kokukhipha isimila.

Ukusekela Iziguli Zomdlavuza Nemindeni

Ukuxilongwa komdlavuza kungashintsha impilo, hhayi esigulini kuphela kodwa nakubathandekayo baso. Ngaphezu kokwelashwa, ukusekelwa ngokomzwelo nokungokoqobo kubalulekile phakathi nalesi sikhathi esiyinselele. Ezinye izinketho zihlanganisa:

  • Ukululekwa: Abeluleki abangochwepheshe bangasiza iziguli kanye nemindeni ukuthi ibhekane nezinselele ezingokomzwelo zomdlavuza kanye nokwelashwa kwawo.
  • Amaqembu okusekela: Ukuxhumana nabanye ababhekene nezinselele ezifanayo kungaba usizo olukhulu ekunikezeni ukusekelwa ngokomzwelo, iseluleko esiwusizo, kanye nomuzwa womphakathi.
Posted in Brain Health