Ukuhlolwa Kwengqondo Kokuwohloka Komqondo: Yiziphi izizinda ezihlukene zokuqonda?

Ingabe uvame ukuzithola ukhohlwa ukuthi kungani ungene ekamelweni? Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uba nenkinga yokugxila emsebenzini owenzayo? Uma kunjalo, ungase ube nentshisekelo ekuhlolweni kwengqondo. 

Ukuhlolwa kwengqondo kungasiza ukukhomba noma yiziphi izinkinga ngenkumbulo, ukugxila, namakhono okucabanga. Ukuhlolwa kwengqondo kunezimpande zako ekuhloleni ubuhlakani. Izivivinyo zezobunhloli zakuqala zasungulwa ekuqaleni kwawo-1900 ukuze kutholakale izingane ezidinga izinsizakalo zemfundo ekhethekile. Ukuhlolwa kwe-IQ kusukela ngaleso sikhathi sekudume kakhulu futhi sekusungule nomphakathi okhethekile obizwa nge-Mensa.

Lezi zivivinyo zazivame ukugxekwa ngokuchema ngokwesiko futhi zingabonisi ngokunembile amakhono eqiniso omuntu. Ngawo-1960, izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo kwengqondo zaqala ukuthuthukisa izinhlobo ezintsha zokuhlola eziklanyelwe ukukala amakhono athile okuqonda. 

Lezi zivivinyo zasetshenziselwa ukuxilonga ukukhubazeka kokufunda nezinye izinkinga. Namuhla, ukuhlola kwengqondo kusetshenziselwa izinjongo ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukubekwa kwezemfundo, ukukhetha umsebenzi, nocwaningo. Ngaphandle kobuhle nobubi, kukhona nezinye izinto okufanele zicatshangelwe. Ake sihlolisise izinhlangothi zombili zalolu daba.

Kuyini Ukuhlolwa Kwengqondo?

Ukuhlolwa kwengqondo ukuhlola kwengqondo okuklanyelwe ukukala amakhono omuntu okuqonda kanye namandla obuhlakani. Lezi zivivinyo zisetshenziswa ezindaweni eziningi zemfundo, ezokuqashwa, nezamtholampilo. Senze i-MemTrax ukuhlola uhlobo lwenkumbulo oluvame ukuhlotshaniswa nesifo i-Alzheimer kanye nokuwohloka komqondo.

Lolu hlobo lokuhlola alwenzelwe ukuxilonga inkinga ethile kodwa ukuhlola kwengqondo okungase kuhlole inkinga engaba khona ukuze kuphinde kuhlaziywe. Ngaphezu kwalokho isetshenziselwa ukunquma ukuthi ingabe kungase kube khona inkinga yengqondo endaweni ethile yobuchopho edinga ukunakwa okwengeziwe. Ibhethri lokuhlola eliyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu njengaleli elakhiwe yi-CogniFit - The Ukuhlola ingqondo Ibhethri (i-CAB) inganquma ngokunembile ukuthi iyiphi ingxenye yobuchopho engase ibe nenkinga. Ukuba nethuluzi elinembile njengaleli kungathuthukisa indlela odokotela abaphatha ngayo iziguli zabo futhi baqondise izifunda zobuchopho ezibonisa imiphumela engemihle ngemithi ethile ukuze kube nokuthuthukiswa okungenzeka.

Iyini I-Cognition?

Umqondo wokuqonda inqubo yengqondo lapho ulwazi lutholwa futhi luqondwe ngokusebenzisa umcabango, isipiliyoni, nezinzwa. Kuhlanganisa:

• Ikhono lokucabanga: Ikhono lokucabanga ngokusobala, ukuzindla, nokuxazulula izinkinga
• Ikhono lokukhumbula: Ikhono lokugcina nokubuyisa ulwazi kusuka ukulahlekelwa inkumbulo
• Ikhono lokunaka: Ikhono lokugxila emsebenzini futhi uvimbele iziphazamiso
• Ikhono lokusebenzisa ulimi: Ikhono lokuqonda nokusebenzisa ulimi olukhulunywayo nolubhalwayo
• Ukuxazulula izinkinga: Ikhono lokucabanga ngokusobala, ukuzindla, nokuxazulula izinkinga
• umsebenzi wokuphatha: Ikhono lokuhlela, ukuhlela, nokwenza imisebenzi
• ikhono lokubona-kwendawo: Ikhono lokubona nokuhumusha ulwazi olubukwayo

Yiziphi Ezinye Izivivinyo Zokuhlola Okujwayelekile Kokuqonda?

Okulandelayo ezinye izivivinyo ezivamile zokuhlola kwengqondo eseziphelelwe yisikhathi futhi ezilungele ukuthathelwa indawo imisebenzi yesimanje yekhompuyutha yokuqoqa idatha yobude:

1. I-Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fifth Edition (WISC-V) isivivinyo sobuhlakani esivame ukusetshenziswa ezinganeni.
2. I-Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale ingenye isivivinyo sobuhlakani esivame ukusetshenziswa ezinganeni.
3. Ibhethri Lokuhlola Le-Kaufman Lezingane liwukuhlola kwengqondo okuvame ukusetshenziswa ezinganeni.
4. I-Universal Nonverbal Intelligence Test (UNIT) ukuhlolwa kwengqondo okungadingi ukusetshenziswa kolimi.
5. I-Cognitive Assessment System (CAS) ukuhlolwa kwengqondo okuvame ukusetshenziswa kubantu abadala.
   

Zikalani Izivivinyo Zokuqonda?

Ukuhlolwa kwengqondo okujwayelekile kukala amakhono obuhlakani omuntu namandla. Zisetshenziselwa ukunquma ukuthi inkinga yokwazi ingase idinge ukunakwa okwengeziwe. 

Lokhu kuhlola akukona ukuxilonga. Kunalokho, akusiza ukuthi unqume ukuthi udinga ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe noma ukuthi unenkinga yengqondo edinga ukunakwa. 

Esimweni lapho unenkinga yokuqeda imisebenzi yansuku zonke noma ukhathazekile ngamakhono akho okuqonda, kungase kube isinyathelo esihlakaniphile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthola ukuhlolwa kwengqondo.

Ziphathwa Kanjani Ukuhlolwa Kwengqondo? 2d vs 3d

Lokhu kuhlola kuvame ukulawulwa ngudokotela wezengqondo, udokotela wengqondo, noma omunye uchwepheshe oqeqeshiwe. Umhloli uzocelwa ukuthi aqedele imisebenzi ekala amakhono ahlukene okuqonda.

Kuze kube manje izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo azikalangazeleli ukuguqula ukuhlolwa kwengqondo ezizisebenzisayo ekusebenzeni kwazo. Ukuphatha ukuhlolwa kwepensela nephepha kanye nokuvakasha akwanele ukukala isitho esiyinkimbinkimbi njengobuchopho ikakhulukazi lapho i-pathology ingavela amashumi eminyaka ngaphambi kwezimpawu zokuqala. Lokhu sikubona njengendlela ye-2d yenkinga. Indlela ye-3d ingaba ukuthi abantu bahlole njalo ingqondo ukuze kuvele izimpawu zokuqala zenkinga futhi yazise umhlinzeki wokunakekelwa ukuze ukwelashwa kusebenze kangcono. Ngaphezu kwalokho le modeli ye-3d ingase isize abacwaningi bahlehlise ukuphazamiseka kobuchopho bonjiniyela besebenzisa i-AI ukuze bathole ukuthi lokhu kuphazamiseka kwengqondo kuqala nini futhi nini.

Isivivinyo Sokuqonda Sehluke Kanjani Esivivinyweni Sobuhlakani?

Kukhona umehluko omkhulu phakathi kokuhlolwa kwengqondo nokuhlolwa kobuhlakani:

Ukuhlolwa kobuhlakani kukala amakhono obuhlakani omuntu namandla akhe.

Ukuhlola kwengqondo kuphinde kuklanyelwe ukukala amakhono obuhlakani omuntu namandla. Noma kunjalo, ibuye isetshenziselwe ukunquma ukuthi kungenzeka yini kube nenkinga ngokuqaphela okudinga ukunakwa okwengeziwe.

Ukuhlolwa kobuhlakani kungase kusetshenziselwe izinjongo zemfundo noma zokuqashwa. Ukuhlolwa kwengqondo kusetshenziselwa izinjongo zemfundo nezokuqashwa, kodwa ngaphezu kwalokho, imiphumela yokuhlolwa ingase iyisebenzisele ukuxilonga isifo.

Ukuhlolwa kobuhlakani kukala ukucabanga, inkumbulo, namakhono okuxazulula izinkinga. Ukuhlolwa kwengqondo nakho kukala lawa makhono, kodwa kungase futhi kulinganise umsebenzi ophezulu, ikhono lokubona kwendawo, kanye nokusetshenziswa kolimi.

Ngitshele Ukubaluleka Kokuhlolwa Kwengqondo.

Kubalulekile ukunquma ukuthi ngabe othile uhlushwa yini ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, njengokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuncane. Ngokuhlolela ukukhubazeka kwengqondo, abelaphi bangaqonda kangcono ubucayi besimo nokuthi bangasiphatha kanjani kangcono. 

Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa kokukhubazeka kwengqondo kubalulekile ukuze kuvinjwe isimo ukuthi siqhubekele kokuthile okubi kakhulu, njengokuwohloka komqondo. I-MemTrax isetshenziswe iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30 njengokuhlola ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kokonakala kwenkumbulo yesikhashana.

Kungani Abantu Bedinga Ukuhlolwa Kwengqondo?

Okulandelayo yizizathu ezijwayelekile zokuthi kungani abantu bedlula ekuhlolweni kwengqondo:

1. Ukuthola ukuhlonzwa kokuwohloka komqondo noma okunye ukukhubazeka kwengqondo
2. Ukuhlola izinguquko ekuqondeni (ukucabanga, ukufunda, nenkumbulo) ngokuhamba kwesikhathi
3. Ukusiza ukuhlonza imbangela yokuwohloka komqondo noma okunye ukukhubazeka kwengqondo
4. Ukuhlola izinhlobo ezithile zamakhono okucabanga, njengokunaka noma umsebenzi wokuphatha
5. Ukuhlela ukwelashwa kokuwohloka komqondo noma okunye ukukhubazeka kwengqondo ngemva kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa
6. Ukuqapha imiphumela yokwelashwa kokuwohloka komqondo noma okunye ukukhubazeka kwengqondo
7. Ukuhlola ukuthi ingabe othile usengozini yokuthola ukuwohloka komqondo noma okunye ukukhubazeka kwengqondo.
   

Yiziphi Izibonelo Zokuhlolwa Kwengqondo?

Okulandelayo ezinye izibonelo zokuhlolwa kwengqondo ezingasetshenziswa:

• Ukuhlola okucela umsebenzisi ukuthi akhumbule isethi yezithombe, amagama, noma ezinye izisusa
• Uhlu lwemibuzo oluhlola inqubo yomuntu yansuku zonke, indlela abazizwa ngayo ngempilo yabo, nokuthi abathandekayo babo babika kanjani isimo sabo sokuqonda
• Imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi yokuxazulula izinkinga engase ibe nabasebenzisi abazungezisa into, inqume umehluko phakathi kwezisusa, futhi ihlole imingcele yezindawo ezimbalwa ezihlukene zokuqaphela.
• Imisebenzi yokudweba engase yenze umuntu adwebe iwashi, isithombe, noma into elula ukuze umbhalo wesandla uhlaziywe isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo esiqondisa ukuhlolwa.

Ithini Isikolo Esihle Sokuhlola Ingqondo?

Kuya ekuhlolweni okwenziwayo kanye nenani labantu elihlolwayo. Isibonelo, amaphuzu angama-26 noma ngaphezulu ku-MoCA athathwa njengokujwayelekile. Amaphuzu angu-23-25 ​​athathwa njengokukhinyabezeka kwengqondo okuncane, futhi amaphuzu angu-22 noma ngaphansi abhekwa njengokuwohloka komqondo. 

Noma kunjalo, ukuhlolwa kwengqondo kuwucezu olulodwa nje lolwazi okufanele lucatshangelwe lapho wenza ukuxilongwa. Izinto ezinjengomlando wezokwelapha nezimpawu nazo kufanele zicatshangelwe.

Ingabe Kukhona Ukuhlolwa Kwamahhala Kwekhono Lokuqonda?

Yebo, kunezixazululo zamahhala zezinkinga zokuqonda ezitholakala ku-inthanethi. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi lezi zivivinyo zingase zibe nephutha noma zingathembeki. Uma ukhathazekile ngempilo yakho yengqondo, kungcono ukubonana nodokotela noma omunye uchwepheshe wezempilo ukuze ahlolwe. Ezinye Izibonelo zokuhlolwa kwamahhala kwekhono lokucabanga yilezi:

I-MemTrax Ukuhlolwa kweMemori:

Yiziphi Izinzuzo Zokuhlolwa Kwengqondo?

Okulandelayo ezinye zezinzuzo zokuhlolwa kwengqondo:

Hlola Izinguquko Ekukwazini:

Kuyasiza ekuxilongeni kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa kokukhubazeka kwengqondo, okubalulekile ukuvimbela ukuqhubekela phambili kokuthile okubucayi kakhulu, njengokuwohloka komqondo.

Ukuzinza kwengqondo:

Ukuhlolwa kwengqondo kusiza ukuthuthukisa ukuzinza kwengqondo. Isibonelo, ukuhlolwa kwenkumbulo ye-MemTrax kuwukuhlola kokukhubazeka okumaphakathi kwengqondo. Isiza umsebenzisi ukuthi azi umsebenzi wakhe wokuqonda futhi asebenze kuwo ukuze awuthuthukise. Ukuhlola okufana nalokhu kuvumela umsebenzisi ukuthi abhale idatha yakhe futhi abuke izinguquko ezingase zenzeke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Izingozi:

Kuyasiza ekuhlonzeni izici eziyingozi zokuncipha kwengqondo kanye nokuwohloka komqondo. Isibonelo, Ukuhlolwa Kokwenza Umzila kuyisilinganiso somsebenzi ophezulu. Kungasiza ukukhomba abantu abasengozini yokucindezeleka okungaqinisekile kanye nokuwohloka komqondo.

Gada Imithelela Yokwelashwa:

Kuyasiza ukuqapha imiphumela yokwelashwa kokukhubazeka kwengqondo, njengokuwohloka komqondo noma isifo i-Alzheimer's. Isibonelo, i-Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog) isetshenziselwa ukuqapha izinguquko ekuqondeni kwabantu abanesifo i-Alzheimer's. Lezi zivivinyo ezindala ezango-1980 futhi kufanele zithathelwe indawo yizivivinyo ezenziwe ngekhompuyutha ezesimanje.

Ukuhlolwa Kwamahhala Kwekhono Lokuqonda:

Yebo, kukhona izivivinyo ezimbalwa zamahhala zekhono lengqondo ezitholakala ku-inthanethi. Uma ukhathazekile ngempilo yakho yengqondo, kungcono ukubonana nodokotela.

Yiziphi Ezinye Izinzuzo Zokuhlolwa Kwekhono Lokuqonda?

Ukuhlolwa kwekhono lokuqonda kunobubi obuthile, obulandelayo:

Ukuhlolwa kwengqondo kungabiza. Isibonelo, i-Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog) ibiza cishe u-$350.

Ukuhlolwa kwengqondo kungadla isikhathi. I-MoCA ithatha cishe imizuzu engama-30 ukuqeda. Ukuhlolwa kwengqondo kungase kungabi nembayo noma kuthembeke, ikakhulukazi uma kuqedwa ngaphandle kokugadwa nguchwepheshe wezokunakekelwa kwempilo.

Ukuhlolwa kwengqondo kungase kungakwazi ukuthola zonke izinhlobo zokukhubazeka kwengqondo. Isibonelo, i-Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) ingase ingakwazi ukuthola ukonakala kwengqondo okumaphakathi. I-MMSE nayo isiphelelwe yisikhathi kakhulu futhi imele izinkambu zocwaningo ukungakwazi ukwamukela ubuchwepheshe obusha njengokuhlolwa kwenkumbulo ye-inthanethi ye-MemTrax.

Ukuhlolwa kwengqondo kungase kungakwazi ukuthola izigaba zakuqala zokucindezeleka kwengqondo. Isibonelo, i-Trail Making Test ingase ingakwazi ukuthola izigaba zakuqala zokuncipha kwengqondo.

Ukuhlolwa kwengqondo kungase kungakwazi ukuthola zonke izinhlobo zokuwohloka komqondo. Isibonelo, i-Lewy Body Dementia Association's Cognitive Screening Test (LBDA-cog) ingase ingakwazi ukuthola zonke izinhlobo zokuwohloka komqondo.

Kungani i-MemTrax iyisivivinyo sokuqonda esingcono kakhulu

Sengiphetha, lokhu kuhlola kwengqondo kunezinzuzo ezithile futhi kuyindlela yokuba nokuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kwabantu abaningi emhlabeni wonke abantu abangakusebenzisa mahhala njengoba kuyizithombe ezinhle futhi ezihunyushwa ngezilimi ezingu-120+. Uma ukhathazekile ngempilo yakho yengqondo, kungcono ukubonana nodokotela noma omunye uchwepheshe wezempilo ukuze ahlolwe. Ukuhlolwa kwenkumbulo ye-MemTrax kulinganisa inkumbulo yesikhathi esifushane evame ukuhlobene ne-Alzheimer's kanye nokuwohloka komqondo.

Ukuhlolwa kwengqondo kungase kungazitholi zonke izinhlobo zokukhubazeka kwengqondo, kodwa kungasiza ekuxilongeni kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa. A ukuhlolwa kwengqondo kungasiza futhi ukukhomba izici eziyingozi zokuncipha kwengqondo kanye nokuwohloka komqondo. Sithemba ukuthi lesi sihloko sibe usizo kuwe. Uma uneminye imibuzo zizwe ukhululekile ukusithinta ekhasini lethu lokuxhumana.