Neurobiology of Addiction: Ukutyhila indima yeBrain

intshayelelo 

Iziyobisi zinxulumana nezifo ezichaphazela ingqondo yakho. 

Nokuba kukusetyenziswa kweepilisi zentlungu ezimiselweyo, ukungcakaza kotywala, okanye inikotini, ukoyisa nakuphi na ukukhotyokiswa akulula ukukuyeka.

Umlutha udla ngokukhula xa umjikelo wolonwabo wobuchopho wonganyelwa ngendlela enokuba yinto engapheliyo. Maxa wambi ezi ngxaki zisenokuhlala zihleli.

Xa kufikwa kumlutha, yile nto idlalwayo xa udibana nenkqubo okanye indlela emele indima ye-dopamine. 

Ngokufanayo, xa umntu esiba likhoboka leziyobisi, ngokuqhelekileyo kungenxa yokuba ingqondo iqalile ukutshintsha. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba into ekhobokisayo inokubangela impendulo engaphezulu xa ifika engqondweni. 

Kweli nqaku, uya kufumanisa indima yobuchopho kwi-neurobiology yokulutha.

Yintoni iNeurobiology yeAddiction?

Funda kabanzi malunga imidlalo yobuchopho kunye nefuthe labo kwingqondo apha.

Isenokuba nzima, kodwa i-neurobiology ibalulekile kufundo lweeseli zenkqubo yemithambo-luvo kunye nendlela ezisebenzisana ngayo. 

Uthanda ukuba yi-finch kwaye utsale isandla sakho xa ubamba isitya esishushu okanye usiva intlungu. 

Ke, i-neurobiology ikwenza uphonononge ukuba ingqondo ingakunceda njani ekwenzeni ezi zigqibo zingekho zingqondweni nazizo.

Kwiminyaka ethile, bekukholelwa ngokuqhelekileyo ukuba ukuba likhoboka lokuzikhethela kunye nolunye uhlobo lokusilela kokuziphatha. Ngaloo ndlela, ukuphelisa intsomi ikakhulu ngenxa yeenguqu kwisakhiwo kunye umsebenzi wengqondo. 

Leliphi Inxalenye Yengqondo Ebangela Ukuba Likhoboka?

Kukho izizathu ezahlukeneyo zokulutha, kwaye ezinye zazo zezi:

• I-Genetics (ebalela phantse i-40-60% yomngcipheko wokuba likhoboka)
• Impilo yengqondo (ubukhulu becala ejongene nabantu abadala kunye nabakwishumi elivisayo njengoko besemngciphekweni omkhulu wokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kunye nokuba likhoboka kunabo bonke abantu).
• Imekobume (imekobume yekhaya enesiphithiphithi, abazali abasebenzisa iziyobisi, ukungaqhubi kakuhle esikolweni, impembelelo yoontanga, kunye nokuxhatshazwa)

Uphuhliso lwakutsha nje lwezifundo ze-neurobiology lunike ukukhanya kwindlela yokuhlangabezana nokuba likhoboka, ngakumbi inkqubo yomvuzo yengqondo. 

Iinxalenye ezahlukeneyo zengqondo ziphazamisa kwinqanaba ngalinye lenkqubo yokulutha kwaye zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqaleni kokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi kunye nokuphuhliswa kwayo.

Ngaphezulu koluhlu yinkqubo ye-dopamine ye-mesolimbic. Ibhekisa kwindlela yomvuzo wengqondo.

Lo ngummandla ophambili wengqondo osinika ulonwabo. Ngokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi, ingqondo ithande ukuba buthathaka kwizinto, ngakumbi xa usebenzisa i-cocaine, i-opioids, kunye notywala. Ekugqibeleni kukhokelela ekukhutshweni kwe-dopamine, enokuthi ihlaziye indlela oziphatha ngayo. 

Ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweZiyobisi okanye ukuba likhoboka leziyobisi kuchaphazela ingqondo yakho 

Xa uphethwe likhoboka leziyobisi ezingapheliyo kunye nokukhotyokiswa kotywala, kunokubangela ukuncitshiswa okubonakalayo kumcimbi ongwevu. 

Ukuxhatshazwa kokusetyenziswa kotywala kubandakanya ukunciphisa ubungakanani be-lobe yangaphambili, indawo esinceda ngokuthatha izigqibo. 

Ukuba umntu unjalo Ukusebenzisa i-cocaine ixesha elide, iya kudityaniswa nokunciphisa umthamo we-cortex yangaphambili. Ekugqibeleni, ukusetyenziswa kwe-opioid engapheliyo kunokuchaphazela imimandla yengqondo elawula intlungu. 

Eminye imimandla yobuchopho eyonakala ngenxa yokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi zezi:

1. ICerebellum 

Inoxanduva lokulinganisela kunye nezakhono; ukulimala kwi-cerebellum kunokukhokelela ekuhambeni, ukulungelelanisa ukunyakaza, kunye nemiba yokuthetha. 

2. Ukuphendula ngoxinzelelo

Ukuba ingqondo isoloko ikumlo okanye imo yokubhabha, umntu usenokuba nomsindo, uxinzelelo, ukucaphuka, ukuxhalaba, nokudandatheka.

3. Ihippocampus 

Lo mmandla unxulumanisa inkumbulo yakho kunye neepatheni zokufunda.

Ukuba umntu ebesebenzisa izinto iminyaka, inokuchaphazela inkumbulo kunye nokukwazi ukugcina izinto ezintsha.

IiNdlela zoNyango 

Ukuqonda i-neurobiology yokulutha kuvule indlela yeendlela ezintsha zonyango. 

Ke, ukujolisa kwinkqubo yomvuzo wengqondo ngongenelelo lwamayeza, olunje ngamayeza, luthintela iziphumo zamachiza kwaye lunokunceda ukubuyiswa kweziyobisi. 

Nangona kunjalo, unokwenza iiTekhnoloji eziSekwe kwiNgqondo kunye ne-CBT okanye i-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. Oku kunceda abantu ukuba baphinde balawule inkqubo yabo yomvuzo kwaye balawule iminqweno ngokufanelekileyo. 

Ukuba uziva ucinezelekile okanye ufuna ukulahla umlutha wotywala okanye izinto, unganqikazi ukuqhagamshelana neengcali zengqondo. Oku kuya kukwenza ukuba ucinge ngokuyimfihlo malunga nokuba umntu angakwazi njani ukukunceda.

Ke ngoko, umlutha kukudityaniswa okuntsonkothileyo kwemfuzo, i-neurobiology, kunye nezinto zokusingqongileyo, kwaye kuya kufuneka uyinyange nje ukuba ifunyaniswe.