Kev Ntsuas MemTrax piv rau Montreal Kev Ntsuas Kev Ntsuas Kev Ntsuas Kev Ntsuas Me Me
Hom kab lus: MemTrax Kev tshawb fawb tsab xov xwm
Sau: van der Hoek, Marjanne D. | Nieuwenhuizen, Arie | Keijer, Jaap | Ashford, J. Wesson
Cov koom txoos: Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA - Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Applied Research Center Food and Dairy, Van Hall Larenstein University of Applied Sciences, Leeuwarden, lub Netherlands | Tib neeg thiab tsiaj Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, lub Netherlands | War Related Illness and Injury Study Center, VA Palo Alto HCS, Palo Alto, CA, USA
PIB: 10.3233/JAD-181003
Phau ntawv: Journal of Alzheimer Tus Kab Mob, vol. 67, tsis muaj. 3, pp. 1045-1054, 2019
Abstract
Kev puas hlwb kev puas hlwb yog ib qho ua rau ua tsis taus pa hauv cov neeg laus. Thaum twg kev paub tsis meej me ntsis (MCI) tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus, nws yog feem ntau ib tug prodromal mob rau dementia. Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) yog ib qho cuab yeej siv los tshuaj xyuas MCI. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev ntsuam xyuas no yuav tsum muaj kev tswj hwm ntsej muag thiab yog tsim los ntawm ntau cov lus nug uas nws cov lus teb tau ntxiv ua ke los ntawm tus neeg ntsuas kom muab cov qhab nia uas nws lub ntsiab lus raug teeb meem. Txoj kev tshawb no tau tsim los ntsuas kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub khoos phis tawj cim xeeb xeem (MemTrax), uas yog ib qho kev hloov pauv ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua, nrog rau MoCA. Ob qhov kev ntsuas tau tshwm sim yog tsim los ntawm MemTrax xeem: MemTraxspeed thiab MemTrax raug. Cov ncauj lus tau tswj hwm MoCA thiab MemTrax test. Raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm MoCA, cov ntsiab lus tau muab faib ua ob pawg ntawm kev paub txog kev paub: ib txwm paub (n = 45) thiab MCI (n = 37). Mean MemTrax cov qhab nia tau qis dua hauv MCI dua li hauv pawg kev paub zoo. Tag nrho MemTrax cov txiaj ntsig tau hloov pauv tau cuam tshuam zoo nrog MoCA. Ob txoj kev, xam qhov nruab nrab MemTrax qhab nia thiab linear regression tau siv los kwv yees qhov kev txiav tawm ntawm MemTrax xeem mus ntes MCI. Cov txheej txheem no tau pom tias rau qhov tshwm sim MemTraxceev tus qhab nia qis dua qhov ntau ntawm 0.87 - 91 s-1 yog ib qho qhia txog MCI, thiab rau qhov tshwm sim MemTraxmuaj tseeb tus qhab nia qis dua qhov ntau ntawm 85 - 90% yog qhov qhia rau MCI.
TAW qHIA
Cov pejxeem thoob ntiaj teb, coj los ntawm Tebchaws Europe, North America, thiab Northern Asia, yog cov laus, ua rau muaj kev nce ntxiv ntawm cov neeg laus. Nrog lub hnub nyoog nce, muaj kev txhim kho zoo, nthuav dav ntxiv ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm kev paub tsis meej, dementia, thiab Tus kab mob Alzheimer (AD), uas ua rau muaj coob tus neeg uas muaj cov mob no. Ntxov Nrhiav Kom Tau Thaum Ntxov thiab kev txheeb xyuas cov kev paub tsis meej tuaj yeem txhim kho kev saib xyuas tus neeg mob, txo cov nqi kho mob, thiab tuaj yeem pab ncua qhov pib ntawm cov tsos mob hnyav dua, yog li muaj peev xwm pab tau yooj yim lub nra hnyav ntawm dementia thiab AD. Yog li ntawd, cov cuab yeej zoo dua yog xav tau los saib xyuas kev paub txog kev ua haujlwm hauv cov neeg laus.
Txhawm rau ua qhov kev ntsuam xyuas kev paub txog kev paub thiab kev coj tus cwj pwm ntawm cov neeg laus, cov kws kho mob thiab cov kws tshawb fawb tau tsim ntau pua cov cuab yeej tshuaj ntsuam xyuas thiab ntsuas luv luv, thiab ntau qhov kev sim tau los rau hauv kev siv. Ib qho ntawm cov cuab yeej siv feem ntau siv rau kev soj ntsuam kev soj ntsuam ntawm qhov tsis txaus ntseeg me me (MCI) hauv kev kawm yog Montreal Kev Ntsuas Kev Pom (MoCA).
MoCA ntsuam xyuas xya lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev txawj ntse: kev tswj hwm, npe, kev mloog, lus, kev xav paub, nco / ncua sijhawm rov qab, thiab kev taw qhia. Lub cim nco / ncua sij hawm rov qab thiab kev taw qhia ntawm MoCA yav dhau los tau txheeb xyuas tias yog cov khoom rhiab tshaj plaws rau kev paub txog Alzheimer thaum ntxov, uas ua rau lub tswv yim tias kev nco encoding yog qhov tseem ceeb tawm tsam los ntawm AD cov txheej txheem neuropathological. Yog li ntawd, hauv cov cuab yeej kho mob rau kev soj ntsuam ntawm kev paub txog kev puas siab puas ntsws cuam tshuam nrog AD, kev nco yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev paub txog kev xav, thaum lwm yam kev puas tsuaj, suav nrog aphasia, apraxia, agnosia, thiab kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo, txawm tias feem ntau cuam tshuam los ntawm AD, tej zaum yuav muaj feem cuam tshuam. rau qhov tsis ua haujlwm ntawm neuroplastic nco ua cov txheej txheem hauv kev txhawb nqa neocortical cheeb tsam.
Txawm hais tias MoCA tau siv dav rau kev ntsuam xyuas MCI, kev tswj hwm ntawm MoCA tau ua tim ntsej tim muag, uas yog siv sijhawm thiab yuav tsum tau ntsib kev kho mob thiab vim li ntawd yuav tsum muaj nqi ntau rau txhua tus thawj coj. Nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas, lub sij hawm yuav tsum tau tswj ib tug xeem yuav ua rau kom qhov tseeb ntawm qhov kev ntsuam xyuas, yog li yav tom ntej txoj kev loj hlob yuav tsum coj no kev sib raug zoo mus rau hauv tus account los txhim kho cov kev ntsuam xyuas zoo dua.
Ib qho teeb meem tseem ceeb hauv cheeb tsam no yog qhov yuav tsum tau muaj kev ntsuam xyuas kev paub txog lub sijhawm. Kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov kev hloov pauv raws sijhawm yog tseem ceeb rau kev kuaj xyuas thiab txiav txim siab qhov kev loj hlob ntawm kev puas tsuaj, kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev kho mob, thiab kev ntsuam xyuas cov kev tshawb fawb kho mob. Cov cuab yeej zoo li no feem ntau tsis tsim nyog los yog tsim los rau qib siab ntawm qhov tseeb thiab tsis tuaj yeem ua tau yooj yim tswj tau ntau zaus. Cov kev daws teeb meem los txhim kho kev ntsuam xyuas kev txawj ntse tau pom tias yog kev siv computer, tab sis feem ntau cov kev siv zog no tau muab me ntsis ntau dua li kev siv computer ntawm cov kev ntsuam xyuas neuropsychological uas nquag siv, thiab tsis tau tsim los hais txog cov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas kev txawj ntse yuav tsum nkag siab ntxov. dementia thiab nws txoj kev vam meej. Yog li, cov cuab yeej ntsuas kev txawj ntse tshiab yuav tsum tau siv computer thiab ua raws li qhov tsis muaj kev txwv ntawm cov kev xeem sib piv, uas tsis txwv los ntawm cov lus lossis kab lis kev cai, uas muab qib ntawm qhov tseeb, qhov tseeb, thiab kev ntseeg siab uas tuaj yeem txhim kho mus ntxiv. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kev sim no yuav tsum muaj kev lom zem thiab koom nrog, yog li kev sim rov ua dua yuav raug suav tias yog qhov zoo dua li qhov kev paub dhau los. Kev ntsuam xyuas online, tshwj xeeb, muaj peev xwm ua tau raws li qhov xav tau no, thaum muab cov ntaub ntawv khaws thiab tshuaj xyuas sai, thiab muab cov lus tawm tswv yim tam sim rau cov neeg koom nrog, kws kho mob, thiab cov kws tshawb fawb.
Txoj kev tshawb fawb tam sim no tau tsim los ntsuas kev siv hluav taws xob ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv online ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua (CRT) paradigm, rau kev ntsuas kev paub txog kev ua haujlwm hauv cov pej xeem ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv zej zog uas tsis tau txheeb xyuas tias muaj dementia. CRT paradigm yog siv dav hauv kev kawm kev tshawb fawb txog kev nco mechanisms. CRT txoj hauv kev tau ua thawj zaug los ua cov cuab yeej ua qauv qhia cov neeg tuaj saib uas muab cov ntaub ntawv rau cov tib neeg uas nyiam teeb meem nco. Tom qab ntawd, qhov kev sim no tau ua tiav hauv online los ntawm lub tuam txhab Fabkis (HAPPYneuron, Inc.); los ntawm lub tuam txhab Asmeskas, MemTrax, LLC (http://www.memtrax.com); los ntawm lub hlwb Health Registry tsim los ntawm Dr. Michael Weiner, UCSF, thiab nws pab neeg los txhawb kev nrhiav neeg ua haujlwm rau kev kawm txog kev paub tsis meej; thiab los ntawm Suav tuam txhab SJN Biomed, LTD). Qhov kev sim no, txij li Lub Rau Hli 2018, tau txais cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm ntau dua 200,000 cov neeg siv, thiab nws tau nyob hauv kev sim hauv ntau lub tebchaws.
Hauv kev tshawb fawb tam sim no, MemTrax (MTX), qhov kev xeem CRT-raws li, tau ua haujlwm nrog MoCA hauv cov neeg laus nyob ywj pheej nyob rau sab qaum teb Netherlands. Lub hom phiaj ntawm txoj kev tshawb no yog los txiav txim siab kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev ua tau zoo ntawm qhov kev siv CRT thiab MoCA. Cov lus nug yog seb MTX puas yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev kwv yees kev paub txog kev txawj ntse uas tau soj ntsuam los ntawm MoCA, uas tuaj yeem qhia tias muaj peev xwm siv tau rau kev kho mob.
COV NTAUB NTAWV THIAB KEV HLOOV
Kawm cov pej xeem
Nyob nruab nrab ntawm Lub Kaum Hli 2015 thiab Tsib Hlis 2016, txoj kev tshawb fawb hla ntu tau ua nrog cov neeg laus hauv zej zog nyob rau sab qaum teb Netherlands. Cov ntsiab lus (≥75y) raug xaiv los ntawm kev faib cov ntawv tshaj tawm thiab thaum lub rooj sib tham pab pawg tau teeb tsa rau cov neeg laus. Cov kev kawm uas muaj peev xwm raug mus xyuas tom tsev txhawm rau tshuaj xyuas cov txheej txheem suav nrog thiab cais tawm ua ntej lawv tau mus kawm hauv txoj kev tshawb no. Cov neeg kawm uas raug kev txom nyem los ntawm (kev tshaj tawm tus kheej) dementia lossis cov uas muaj qhov muag tsis pom lossis hnov lus hnyav uas yuav cuam tshuam rau kev tswj hwm ntawm qhov kev ntsuam xyuas kev paub tsis raug tso cai koom nrog hauv txoj kev tshawb no. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntsiab lus yuav tsum muaj peev xwm hais tau thiab nkag siab cov lus Dutch thiab tsis txhob nyeem ntawv. Txoj kev tshawb no tau ua tiav raws li Helsinki tshaj tawm xyoo 1975 thiab txhua tus neeg koom tau kos npe rau qhia kev pom zoo daim ntawv tom qab tau txais cov lus piav qhia ntxaws txog qhov kev kawm.
Txoj kev kawm
Tom qab tso npe rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no, ib daim ntawv nug dav dav tau tswj hwm, uas suav nrog cov lus nug txog cov pej xeem, xws li hnub nyoog thiab xyoo kawm ntawv (pib tsev kawm ntawv theem pib), keeb kwm kho mob, thiab haus cawv. Tom qab ua tiav daim ntawv nug, MoCA thiab MTX kev xeem tau raug tswj hwm hauv kev txiav txim siab.
MemTrax - Tshawb fawb Medical Center
Raws li kev lees paub ntawm MemTrax, LLC (Redwood City, CA, USA), pub dawb tag nrho versions ntawm MTX xeem tau muab. Hauv qhov kev sim no, cov duab ntawm 50 tau pom txog li peb vib nas this txhua. Thaum ib daim duab rov qab tshwm sim (25/50), cov ntsiab lus raug qhia kom hnov mob rau daim duab rov qab sai li sai tau los ntawm kev nias lub spacebar (uas tau qhia los ntawm daim kab xev liab). Thaum cov ntsiab lus teb rau ib daim duab, cov duab tom ntej tau tshwm sim tam sim ntawd. Tom qab ua tiav qhov kev xeem, qhov kev zov me nyuam qhia qhov feem pua ntawm cov lus teb raug (MTXmuaj tseeb) thiab qhov nruab nrab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv vib nas this rau rov dluab, uas qhia txog lub sij hawm xav tau los nias lub spacebar thaum pom ib daim duab rov qab. Txhawm rau kom phim qhov ntev ntawm ob qhov kev ntsuas no, lub sijhawm tshuaj tiv thaiv tau hloov mus rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ceev (MTXceev) los ntawm kev faib 1 los ntawm lub sijhawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv (ie, 1 / MTXtshuaj tiv thaiv lub sij hawm). Cov keeb kwm xeem ntawm txhua tus neeg MemTrax cov qhab nia thiab lawv qhov siv tau tau raug khaws cia hauv online hauv tus lej xeem. Qhov kev siv tau ntawm txhua qhov kev xeem tau raug kuaj xyuas, xav tau 5 lossis tsawg dua cov lus teb tsis raug, 10 lossis ntau qhov kev lees paub tseeb, thiab lub sijhawm lees paub qhov nruab nrab ntawm 0.4 thiab 2 vib nas this, thiab tsuas yog cov kev xeem siv tau suav nrog hauv kev tshuaj xyuas.
Ua ntej qhov kev xeem MTX tiag tiag tau raug tswj hwm, qhov kev xeem tau piav qhia meej thiab kev sim ua tau muab rau cov neeg kawm. Qhov no suav nrog tsis yog qhov kev sim nws tus kheej nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj tseem muaj cov lus qhia thiab suav-down nplooj ntawv kom cov neeg koom nrog tau txais kev coj ua ntawm qhov kev teeb tsa ntawm qhov chaw thiab cov thawj coj xav tau, ua ntej pib qhov kev xeem. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob rov ua dua cov duab thaum lub sijhawm sim tiag tiag, cov duab tsis suav nrog hauv MemTrax database tau siv rau kev sim xyaum.
Montreal kev ntsuam xyuas kev txawj ntse cuab tam
Kev tso cai tau txais los ntawm MoCA Institute & Clinique (Quebec, Canada) los siv MoCA rau qhov kev tshawb fawb no. Lub Dutch MoCA muaj nyob rau hauv peb lub versions, uas tau randomly tswj rau cov kev kawm. MoCA cov qhab nia yog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ua tau zoo ntawm txhua qhov kev txawj ntse uas tau soj ntsuam thiab muaj qhov qhab nia siab tshaj ntawm 30 cov ntsiab lus. Raws li cov lus pom zoo, ib qho ntxiv tau ntxiv yog tias tus neeg koom nrog ≤12 xyoo ntawm kev kawm (yog tias <30 ntsiab lus). Cov lus qhia kev xeem raug siv los ua cov lus qhia thaum lub sij hawm tswj xyuas cov kev xeem. Cov kev ntsuam xyuas tau tswj hwm los ntawm peb tus kws tshawb fawb thiab kev tswj hwm ntawm ib qho kev sim tau siv li 10 mus rau 15 feeb.
MemTrax Data analysis
Raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm MoCA, uas tau raug kho rau kev kawm, cov kev kawm tau muab faib ua ob pawg ntawm kev paub txog kev paub: ib txwm paub (NC) piv rau me ntsis kev paub tsis meej (MCI). MoCA tus qhab nia ntawm 23 tau siv los ua kev txiav tawm rau MCI (cov qhab nia ntawm 22 thiab hauv qab no tau suav tias yog MCI), raws li nws tau pom tias qhov qhab nia no tau pom tag nrho 'qhov kev kuaj pom zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau ntau qhov kev ntsuas" piv rau cov qhab nia thawj zaug pom zoo ntawm 26 lossis qhov tseem ceeb ntawm 24 lossis 25. Rau txhua qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam, cov qhab nia MoCA raug siv vim qhov qhab nia no yog siv hauv chaw kho mob.
Qhov kev xeem MTX muab ob qhov txiaj ntsig, uas yog MTXtshuaj tiv thaiv lub sij hawm, uas tau hloov dua siab tshiab rau MTXceev by 1/MTXtshuaj tiv thaiv lub sij hawm, thiab MTXmuaj tseeb.
Kev txheeb xyuas txheeb cais tau ua tiav siv R (version 1.0.143, Rstudio Team, 2016). Ib txwm raug kuaj xyuas rau txhua qhov sib txawv los ntawm kev sim Shapiro-Wilk. Qhov sib txawv ntawm tag nrho cov neeg kawm, thiab ntawm NC thiab MCI pawg, tau tshaj tawm raws li qhov nruab nrab ± tus qauv sib txawv (SD), qhov nruab nrab thiab qhov sib txawv (IQR) lossis raws li tus lej thiab feem pua. Kev ywj pheej qauv T-tests thiab Wilcoxon Sum Rank kev xeem rau kev sib txawv tsis tu ncua thiab Chi-squared xeem rau categorical variables tau ua los sib piv cov yam ntxwv ntawm pawg NC thiab MCI. Qhov kev ntsuam xyuas uas tsis yog-parametric Kruskal-Wallis tau siv los txiav txim seb peb lub versions ntawm MoCA thiab peb tus thawj tswj hwm cuam tshuam rau MoCA cov txiaj ntsig. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib qho kev xeem T-test los yog Wilcoxon Sum Rank xeem tau ua los txiav txim seb qhov kev txiav txim ntawm kev tswj hwm ntawm MoCA thiab MTX cuam tshuam cov txiaj ntsig kev xeem (xws li MoCA qhab nia, MTXmuaj tseeb, thiab MTXceev). Qhov no tau ua los ntawm kev txiav txim siab seb cov qhab nia nruab nrab txawv rau cov kev kawm uas tau txais thawj MoCA thiab tom qab ntawd MemTrax lossis leej twg tau txais thawj MTX thiab tom qab ntawd MoCA.
Pearson kev sib raug zoo cov kev ntsuam xyuas tau suav los ntsuas qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm MTX thiab MoCA thiab ntawm ob qho tib si MemTrax xeem tau, piv txwv li, MTXspeed thiab MTXcorrect. Ib qho piv txwv ua piv txwv yav dhau los tau pom tias rau ib qho kev sib tw Pearson correlation test (lub hwj chim = 80%, α = 0.05), nrog rau qhov kev xav ntawm qhov nruab nrab qhov loj me (r = 0.3), xav tau ib qho qauv me me ntawm n = 67. Polyserial correlation tests raug xam los ntsuam xyuas qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm MTX cov qhabnias xeem thiab cov MoCA sib cais siv cov pob psych hauv R.
Qhov sib npaug MoCA cov qhab nia rau MemTrax cov qhab nia tau suav los ntawm kev suav cov qhab nia nruab nrab MemTrax rau txhua qhov ua tau MoCA cov qhab nia thiab cov kab rov qab tau ua los kwv yees qhov sib npaug ntawm cov kev ntsuas no. Tsis tas li ntawd, txhawm rau txiav txim siab qhov kev txiav tawm ntawm qhov kev xeem MemTrax rau MCI ntsuas los ntawm MoCA, thiab qhov sib thooj rhiab heev thiab qhov tseem ceeb, kev soj ntsuam Tus Neeg Txais Tus Txheej Txheem (ROC) tau ua tiav siv pob pROC hauv R. Non-parametric stratified bootstrapping (n = 2000) tau siv los sib piv cov cheeb tsam hauv qab qhov nkhaus (AUCs) thiab cov kev ntseeg siab sib thooj. Qhov kev pom zoo txiav tawm tau suav nrog Youden txoj kev, uas ua rau qhov tseeb qhov zoo thaum txo qis qhov tsis zoo.
Rau tag nrho cov kev txheeb xyuas kev txheeb xyuas, ob-sided p-tus nqi ntawm <0.05 raug suav tias yog qhov pib rau qhov tseem ceeb, tshwj tsis yog rau kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas kev sib raug zoo ntawm MTX thiab MoCA (piv txwv li, kev txheeb xyuas kev sib raug zoo thiab kev yooj yim linear regression) rau qhov uas ib- sided p-tus nqi ntawm <0.05 tau suav tias yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Cov txiaj ntsig MemTrax
kawm
Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, 101 cov ntsiab lus tau suav nrog hauv txoj kev tshawb no. Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm 19 tus neeg raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas, vim tias MemTrax qhov kev xeem tau los ntawm 12 cov ntsiab lus tsis tau txais kev cawmdim los ntawm qhov kev zov me nyuam, 6 cov ntsiab lus tau txais kev xeem MemTrax tsis raug, thiab ib qho kev kawm tau qhab nia MoCA ntawm 8 cov ntsiab lus, qhia tias muaj kev puas siab puas ntsws loj, uas yog ib qho kev cais tawm. Yog li, cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm 82 cov ntsiab lus tau suav nrog hauv kev tshuaj xyuas. Tsis muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb hauv MoCA cov txiaj ntsig kev xeem tau pom ntawm cov qauv sib txawv ntawm MoCA thiab ntawm cov thawj coj. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kev txiav txim ntawm kev tswj xyuas tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau ib qho ntawm cov qhab nia xeem (MoCA, MTXceev, MTXmuaj tseeb). Raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm MoCA, cov ntsiab lus tau muab tso rau hauv NC lossis MCI pawg (piv txwv li, MoCA ≥ 23 lossis MoCA <23, feem). Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov neeg kawm tag nrho, thiab pawg NC thiab MCI tau nthuav tawm hauv Table 1. Tsis muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov pab pawg, tshwj tsis yog cov qhab nia nruab nrab ntawm MoCA (25 (IQR: 23 - 26) piv rau 21 (IQR: 19 - 22). ) cov ntsiab lus, Z = -7.7, p <0.001).
Rooj 1
Cov yam ntxwv kawm
| Tag nrho cov pejxeem (n = 82) | NC (n = 45) | MCI (n = 37) | p | |
| Hnub nyoog (y) | 83.5 ± 5.2 | 82.6 ± 4.9 | 84.7 ± 5.4 | 0.074 |
| Poj niam, Tsis muaj (%) | 55 (67) | 27 (60) | 28 (76) | 0.133 |
| Kev kawm (y) | 10.0 (8.0 - 13.0 hli) | 11.0 (8.0 - 14.0 hli) | 10.0 (8.0 - 12.0 hli) | 0.216 |
| Kev haus dej cawv (# iav / lub lim tiam) | 0 (0 - 4 hli) | 0 (0 - 3 hli) | 0 (0 - 5 hli) | 0.900 |
| MoCA cov qhab nia (# cov qhab nia) | 23 (21 - 25 hli) | 25 (23 - 26 hli) | 21 (19 - 22 hli) | zoo |
Cov txiaj ntsig tau qhia tias txhais tau tias ± sd, nruab nrab (IQR) lossis raws li tus lej nrog feem pua.
Kev paub txog xwm txheej ntsuas los ntawm MemTrax
Kev paub txog xwm txheej tau ntsuas los ntawm MTX xeem. Daim duab 1 qhia cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov kev ntsuam xyuas Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm NC thiab MCI kev kawm. Qhov nruab nrab MTX cov qhab nia (piv txwv li, MTXceev thiab MTXmuaj tseeb) tau sib txawv heev ntawm ob pawg. NC cov ntsiab lus (0.916 ± 0.152 s-1) muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sai dua piv rau MCI cov ntsiab lus (0.816 ± 0.146 s-1); t(80) = 3.01, p = 0.003) (Fig. 1A). Ntxiv rau, NC cov ntsiab lus tau qhab nia zoo dua ntawm MTXmuaj tseeb Kev sib txawv ntawm MCI cov ntsiab lus (91.2 ± 5.0% piv rau 87.0 ± 7.7% feem; tw (59) = 2.89, p = 0.005) (Fig. 1B).
Daim duab XYUMX
Boxplots ntawm MTX cov qhabnias rau NC thiab MCI pawg. A) MTXceev xeem thiab B) MTXmuaj tseeb xeem tau. Ob qhov txiaj ntsig tau hloov pauv ntawm MTX cov kev xeem tau qis dua hauv pawg MCI piv rau NC. Lub teeb grey xim qhia txog NC cov ntsiab lus, qhov tsaus grey xim qhia MCI cov ntsiab lus.
Boxplots ntawm MTX cov qhabnias rau NC thiab MCI pawg. A) MTXspeed test result and B) MTXcorrect test result. Ob qhov txiaj ntsig tau hloov pauv ntawm MemTrax cov kev xeem tau qis dua hauv pawg MCI piv rau NC. Lub teeb grey xim qhia txog NC cov ntsiab lus, qhov tsaus grey xim qhia MCI cov ntsiab lus.
Kev sib raug zoo ntawm MemTrax thiab MOCA
Kev sib koom ua ke ntawm MTX cov qhab nia xeem thiab MoCA tau qhia hauv daim duab 2. Ob qho MTX qhov sib txawv tau cuam tshuam nrog MoCA. MTXceev thiab MoCA pom qhov sib txheeb tseem ceeb ntawm r = 0.39 (p = 0.000), thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm MTXmuaj tseeb thiab MoCA yog r = 0.31 (p = 0.005). Tsis muaj kev sib koom ua ke ntawm MTXceev thiab MTXmuaj tseeb.
Daim duab XYUMX
Kev koom tes ntawm A) MTXceev thiab MoCA; B) MTXmuaj tseeb thiab MoCA; C) MTXmuaj tseeb thiab MTXceev. NC thiab MCI cov ntsiab lus tau qhia nrog cov dots thiab daim duab peb sab. Nyob rau hauv lub kaum sab xis hauv qab ntawm txhua daim duab rho thiab coj tus nqi p yog qhia txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm ob qhov sib txawv.
Kev koom tes ntawm A) MTXspeed thiab MoCA; B) MTXcorrect thiab MoCA; C) MTXcorrect thiab MTXspeed. NC thiab MCI cov ntsiab lus tau qhia nrog cov dots thiab daim duab peb sab. Nyob rau hauv lub kaum sab xis hauv qab ntawm txhua daim duab rho thiab coj tus nqi p yog qhia txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm ob qhov sib txawv.
Kev koom tes ntawm A) MTXspeed thiab MoCA; B) MTXcorrect thiab MoCA; C) MTXcorrect thiab MTXspeed. NC thiab MCI cov ntsiab lus yog qhia nrog cov dots thiab peb tog sib npaug. Nyob rau sab xis hauv qab ntawm txhua daim duab tus rho thiab tus nqi sib raug p yog qhia txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm ob qhov sib txawv.[/caption]
Polyserial correlations raug xam nruab nrab ntawm cov qhab nias xeem MemTrax thiab MoCA domains los txiav txim qhov kev koom tes ntawm txhua tus sau nrog MemTrax metrics. Cov kev sib raug zoo ntawm polyserial muaj nyob rau hauv Table 2. Ntau qhov chaw ntawm MoCA tau cuam tshuam nrog MTX.ceev. Lub npe "abstraction" tau pom qhov sib raug zoo tshaj plaws, txawm tias nruab nrab, nrog MTXceev (r = 0.35, p = 0.002). Cov npe "npe" thiab "lus" tau pom qhov tsis muaj zog rau nruab nrab tseem ceeb koom nrog MTXceev (r = 0.29, p = 0.026 thiab r = 0.27, p = 0.012, feem). MTXmuaj tseeb tsis muaj feem cuam tshuam rau MoCA cov thawj coj, tshwj tsis yog muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog lub npe "visuospatial" (r = 0.25, p = 0.021).
Rooj 2
Polyserial kev sib raug zoo ntawm MTX xeem cov txiaj ntsig nrog MoCA domains
| MTXceev | MTXmuaj tseeb | |||
| r | p | r | p | |
| Visuospatial | 0.22 | 0.046 | 0.25 | 0.021 |
| Naming | 0.29 | 0.026 | 0.24 | 0.063 |
| xim | 0.24 | 0.046 | 0.09 | 0.477 |
| lus | 0.27 | 0.012 | 0.160 | 0.165 |
| Abstraction | 0.35 | 0.002 | 0.211 | 0.079 |
| Nco qab | 0.15 | 0.159 | 0.143 | 0.163 |
| orientation | 0.21 | 0.156 | 0.005 | 0.972 |
Nco tseg: Cov kev sib raug zoo tseem ceeb tau qhia ua bold.
MemTrax cov qhab nia thiab kwv yees txiav tawm qhov tseem ceeb rau MCI
Txhawm rau txiav txim siab cov qhab nia sib xws ntawm MemTrax thiab MoCA, MemTrax cov qhab nia ntawm txhua tus qhab nia MoCA tau nruab nrab thiab cov kab rov tav tau raug xam los kwv yees cov kev sib raug zoo thiab sib npaug. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm linear regression qhia tias MTXceev piav qhia 55% ntawm qhov sib txawv hauv MoCA (R2 = 0.55, p = 0.001). Qhov sib txawv ntawm MTXmuaj tseeb piav qhia 21% ntawm qhov sib txawv hauv MoCA (R2 = 0.21, p = 0.048). Raws li qhov sib npaug ntawm cov kev sib raug zoo no, cov qhab nia sib npaug ntawm MoCA tau muab xam rau cov qhab nia MTX, uas tau qhia hauv Table 3. Raws li cov kev sib npaug no, cov nqi txiav tawm sib xws (xws li MoCA cov qhab nia ntawm 23 cov ntsiab lus) rau MTXceev thiab MTXmuaj tseeb ua 0.87s-1 thiab 90%. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau txoj kab rov qab ntawm ob qho tib si MemTrax kuj tau ua, tab sis qhov sib txawv MTXmuaj tseeb tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau tus qauv thiab yog li cov txiaj ntsig tsis pom.
Rooj 3
Pom zoo cov qhab nia MoCA sib npaug rau cov qhab nia MemTrax
| MoCA (cov ntsiab lus) | Sib npaug MTXceev (s-1)a | CI ntawm kev twv ua ntej nrog MTXceev (cov ntsiab lus) | Sib npaug MTXmuaj tseeb (%)b | CI ntawm kev twv ua ntej nrog MTXmuaj tseeb (cov ntsiab lus) |
| 15 | 0.55 | 7 - 23 | 68 | 3 - 28 |
| 16 | 0.59 | 8 - 24 | 71 | 5 - 28 |
| 17 | 0.63 | 10 - 24 | 73 | 6 - 28 |
| 18 | 0.67 | 11 - 25 | 76 | 8 - 28 |
| 19 | 0.71 | 12 - 26 | 79 | 9 - 29 |
| 20 | 0.75 | 13 - 27 | 82 | 11 - 29 |
| 21 | 0.79 | 14 - 28 | 84 | 12 - 30 |
| 22 | 0.83 | 15 - 29 | 87 | 13 - 30 |
| 23 | 0.87 | 16 - 30 | 90 | 14 - 30 |
| 24 | 0.91 | 17 - 30 | 93 | 15 - 30 |
| 25 | 0.95 | 18 - 30 | 95 | 16 - 30 |
| 26 | 0.99 | 19 - 30 | 98 | 16 - 30 |
| 27 | 1.03 | 20 - 30 | 100 | 17 - 30 |
| 28 | 1.07 | 21 - 30 | 100 | 17 - 30 |
| 29 | 1.11 | 21 - 30 | 100 | 17 - 30 |
| 30 | 1.15 | 22 - 30 | 100 | 17 - 30 |
aKev sib npaug siv: 1.1 + 25.2 * MTXceev; b Kev sib npaug siv: -9.7 + 0.36 * MTXmuaj tseeb.
Tsis tas li ntawd, MTX txiav tawm qhov tseem ceeb thiab qhov sib thooj rhiab thiab qhov tshwj xeeb tau txiav txim siab los ntawm ROC tsom xam. Lub ROC nkhaus ntawm MemTrax qhov sib txawv tau nthuav tawm hauv daim duab 3. Lub AUCs rau MTXceev thiab MTXmuaj tseeb yog, feem, 66.7 (CI: 54.9 – 78.4) thiab 66.4% (CI: 54.1 – 78.7). AUCs ntawm MemTrax variables siv los ntsuas MCI tsim los ntawm MoCA tsis txawv txav. Table 4 qhia qhov rhiab heev thiab qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov ntsiab lus txiav tawm sib txawv ntawm MemTrax variables. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws txiav tawm cov qhab nia, uas ua kom muaj qhov tseeb qhov zoo thaum txo qis qhov tsis zoo, rau MTXceev thiab MTXmuaj tseeb ua 0.91s-1 (rhiab heev = 48.9% tshwj xeeb = 78.4%) thiab 85% (rhiab heev = 43.2%; tshwj xeeb = 93.3%), feem.
Daim duab XYUMX
ROC nkhaus ntawm MTX xeem cov txiaj ntsig los ntsuas MCI ntsuas los ntawm MoCA. Cov kab dotted qhia MTXceev thiab cov kab khoom MTXmuaj tseeb. Cov kab grey sawv cev rau kab siv ntawm 0.5.
ROC nkhaus ntawm MTX xeem cov txiaj ntsig los ntsuas MCI ntsuas los ntawm MoCA. Cov kab dotted qhia MTXspeed thiab cov kab khoom MTX raug. Cov kab grey sawv cev rau kab siv ntawm 0.5.
Rooj 4
MTXceev thiab MTXmuaj tseeb txiav tawm cov ntsiab lus thiab sib xws tshwj xeeb thiab rhiab heev
| Cutoff point | Tp (#) | tn (#) | Fp (#) | Fn (#) | Specification (%) | Sensitivity (%) | |
| MTXceev | 1.20 | 37 | 1 | 44 | 0 | 2.2 | 100 |
| 1.10 | 36 | 7 | 38 | 1 | 15.6 | 97.3 | |
| 1.0 | 33 | 13 | 32 | 4 | 28.9 | 89.2 | |
| 0.90 | 28 | 22 | 23 | 9 | 48.9 | 75.7 | |
| 0.80 | 18 | 34 | 11 | 19 | 75.6 | 48.6 | |
| 0.70 | 9 | 41 | 4 | 28 | 91.1 | 24.3 | |
| 0.60 | 3 | 45 | 0 | 34 | 100 | 8.1 | |
| MTXmuaj tseeb | 99 | 36 | 3 | 42 | 1 | 97.3 | 6.7 |
| 95 | 31 | 11 | 34 | 6 | 83.8 | 24.4 | |
| 91 | 23 | 23 | 22 | 14 | 62.2 | 51.1 | |
| 89 | 20 | 28 | 17 | 17 | 54.1 | 62.2 | |
| 85 | 16 | 42 | 3 | 21 | 43.2 | 93.3 | |
| 81 | 8 | 44 | 1 | 29 | 21.6 | 97.8 | |
| 77 | 3 | 45 | 0 | 34 | 8.1 | 100 |
tp, muaj tseeb zoo; tn, qhov tseeb tsis zoo; fp, cuav zoo; fn, cuav neg.
SIB THAM
Txoj kev tshawb no tau teeb tsa los tshawb xyuas cov cuab yeej online MemTrax, CRT-raws li kev xeem, siv MoCA raws li kev siv. MoCA tau raug xaiv vim qhov kev xeem no yog tam sim no dav siv los tshuaj xyuas MCI. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev txiav txim siab zoo tshaj plaws rau MoCA tsis tau tsim kom meej [28]. Kev sib piv ntawm tus kheej kev ntsuas ntawm MemTrax nrog MoCA qhia tias qhov kev sim yooj yim, luv luv, hauv online tuaj yeem ntes cov feem tseem ceeb ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm kev paub txog kev ua haujlwm thiab kev paub tsis meej. Hauv qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam no, qhov muaj zog tshaj plaws tau pom rau qhov ntsuas ceev. Kev ntsuas qhov tseeb tau pom tias muaj kev sib raug zoo tsawg dua. Qhov kev tshawb pom tseem ceeb yog tias tsis muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm MTX ceev thiab ntsuas qhov tseeb, qhia tias cov kev hloov pauv no ntsuas cov khoom sib txawv ntawm cov hauv paus. hlwb ua haujlwm. Yog li, tsis muaj qhov qhia tau hais tias qhov kev sib pauv ceev-qhov tseeb tau pom nyob thoob plaws cov ncauj lus. Tsis tas li ntawd, ob txoj kev sib txawv tau siv los kwv yees qhov kev txiav tawm ntawm MemTrax lub cim xeeb kuaj kom pom MCI. Cov txheej txheem no tau pom tias rau cov txiaj ntsig tau nrawm thiab raug, tus qhab nia qis dua li ntawm 0.87 - 91 s-1 thiab 85 - 90% yog qhov qhia tau tias cov tib neeg uas tau qhab nia qis dua ib qho ntawm cov kab no feem ntau yuav muaj MCI. Ib qho "kev txheeb xyuas tus nqi tsim nyog" yuav qhia txog qhov twg ib tus neeg yuav tsum raug qhia los sab laj tus kws kho mob txog kev ua cov kev sim ntau dua los tshuaj xyuas MCI [8-35].
Hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb tam sim no, nws tau pom tias cov npe "npe", "lus", thiab "abstraction" ntsuas los ntawm MoCA muaj qhov sib cuam tshuam siab tshaj plaws nrog ib qho ntawm MemTrax cov txiaj ntsig, txawm hais tias kev sib raug zoo tsis muaj zog rau nruab nrab. Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov xav tau, txij li cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los tau pom hauv kev tshuaj xyuas Mini-Mental State Exam siv cov ntsiab lus teb txoj kev xav, hais tias cov thawj "nco / ncua sij hawm rov qab" thiab "kev taw qhia" yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau thaum ntxov AD [12]. Ntawm no heev thaum ntxov theem ntawm kev paub tsis meej, nws zoo nkaus li tias MoCA cov cim qhia txog kev hloov pauv hloov pauv hauv kev naming, lus, thiab abstraction yog rhiab heev rau MCI ntau dua li kev ntsuas ntawm kev nco thiab kev taw qhia, zoo ib yam nrog cov kev tshawb pom yav dhau los hauv Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Tshawb Fawb ntawm MoCA [36]. Ntxiv mus, lub MemTrax kev ntsuas ntawm kev lees paub ceev zoo nkaus li muaj kev cuam tshuam qhov kev puas tsuaj thaum ntxov ua ntej kev nco nco raws li ntsuas los ntawm MTX (uas muaj cov nyhuv qab nthab tseem ceeb). Qhov no constellation ntawm Cov teebmeem qhia tau hais tias qhov nyuaj ntawm pathology ua rau MCI cuam tshuam rau lub hlwb thaum ntxov Cov kev hloov pauv uas nyuaj rau kev xav nrog cov txheej txheem neurocognitive yooj yim thiab tej zaum yuav cuam tshuam qhov kev loj hlob ntawm cov hauv paus neuropathology [37].
Cov ntsiab lus muaj zog hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb tam sim no yog qhov piv txwv loj (n = 82) ntau tshaj qhov tsim nyog los txheeb xyuas qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm MoCA thiab MTX hauv cov neeg laus. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib qho kev sim xyaum tau muab rau txhua yam kev kawm, kom cov neeg laus uas tsis tau siv lub khoos phis tawj muaj lub sijhawm los kho qhov chaw sim thiab cov khoom siv. Muab piv rau MoCA, cov ntsiab lus qhia tias MemTrax muaj kev lom zem ntau dua ua, qhov MoCA xav zoo li kev xeem. Lub hnub nyoog ntawm cov kev kawm thiab lawv txoj kev ywj pheej hauv zej zog txwv tsis pub muaj kev tsom xam rau pawg neeg xaiv no ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm siab, tab sis pab pawg no yog ib qho nyuaj tshaj plaws rau kev txheeb xyuas qhov tsis zoo.
Ntawm cov ntawv ceeb toom, txawm hais tias suav tias yog ib qho kev ntsuam xyuas tus qauv, MoCA tsuas yog ib qho kev ntsuam xyuas los qhia tias muaj peev xwm ntawm MCI, tsis yog cov cuab yeej kuaj mob lossis ntsuas qhov tseeb ntawm kev paub tsis meej. Yog li, raws li, qhov kev sib piv ntawm MoCA thiab MTX yog txheeb ze, thiab ob qho tib si yuav muaj qhov txawv txav ntawm kev sib txawv hauv MCI kev txheeb xyuas. Yog li ntawd, ib qho teeb meem tseem ceeb hauv cov ntaub ntawv yog kev siv zog los txheeb xyuas qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm MoCA [38], nws qhov kev lees paub [39], kev tsim cov qhab nia zoo [40], kev sib piv nrog lwm cov kev ntsuam xyuas luv luv [41–45] , thiab nws cov nqi hluav taws xob raws li kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas rau MCI [46] (saib xyuas los ntawm Carson li al., 2017 [28]), nrog rau kev siv tau ntawm ib qho hluav taws xob version [47]. Cov kev ntsuam xyuas no suav nrog kev tshuaj xyuas qhov rhiab heev thiab qhov tshwj xeeb, feem ntau yog siv ROC tsom xam nrog kev ntsuas ntawm "chaw nyob hauv qhov nkhaus", thiab kev pom zoo ntawm kev txiav tawm rau "kev kuaj mob". Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias tsis muaj ib txoj hauv kev los txiav txim siab kiag li qhov twg ib tus neeg nyob ntawm qhov txuas ntxiv ntawm qhov kev puas tsuaj me me, nrog rau qhov sib txawv loj heev hauv cov hauv paus. hlwb ua haujlwm ua rau qhov kev puas tsuaj, tag nrho cov cuab yeej no tsuas tuaj yeem muab qhov kev kwv yees kwv yees. Muab kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov kev ntsuas sib txawv tsuas yog qhia tau hais tias tus mob hauv qab tau raug hais kom raug, tab sis lub xeev biological tiag tsis tuaj yeem txhais tau meej nrog txoj hauv kev no. Txawm hais tias kev txheeb xyuas qib siab tuaj yeem siv tau zoo hauv qhov chaw kho mob, kev tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo li no yuav tsum xav txog plaub yam ntxiv: qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus mob hauv cov pej xeem; tus nqi ntawm kev xeem, tus nqi ntawm cov txiaj ntsig tsis tseeb, thiab cov khoom siv txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kuaj pom muaj tseeb [8, 35].
Ib qho loj ib feem ntawm qhov teeb meem hauv kev ntsuam xyuas AD thiab nws qhov cuam tshuam txog kev paub tsis meej yog tias tsis muaj tiag “theem” [48], tab sis yog ib qho kev mus sij hawm ntev ntawm kev vam meej [8, 17, 49]. Qhov sib txawv ntawm "ib txwm" los ntawm MCI yog qhov nyuaj dua li qhov txawv ntawm cov xwm txheej no los ntawm qhov mob me. dementia txuam nrog nrog AD [50, 51]. Siv lub tswv yim ntawm "Cov Kev Ntsuas Niaj Hnub Nyoog", qhov teeb meem yuav txiav txim siab qhov twg ntawm qhov txuas ntxiv ib tus neeg feem ntau yuav nyob rau hauv ib qho kev ntseeg siab-nruab nrab, muab cov qhab nia xeem tshwj xeeb. Txhawm rau txiav txim siab li no, xav tau kev ntsuam xyuas meej ntau dua li muab los ntawm cov kev ntsuam xyuas luv luv, tab sis xws li yog muab los ntawm MTX. Ua kom muaj tseeb thiab tshem tawm ntawm cov neeg saib xyuas kev tsis ncaj ncees nrog kev sim computerized yog ib qho kev cog lus. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib qho kev ntsuam xyuas hauv computer, xws li MemTrax, muab qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm qhov tsis muaj qhov txwv tsis pub sib piv, txo qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kev kwv yees tsis zoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, hauv paus ntsiab lus, kev ntsuam xyuas hauv computer tuaj yeem sim ntau qhov kev nco txog qhov cuam tshuam los ntawm AD. Txoj kev tshawb no tsis tau muab piv rau MTX nrog ntau lwm cov kev xeem hauv computer uas tau tsim (saib cov lus qhia), tab sis tsis muaj ib qho uas muaj nyob rau tam sim no siv txoj hauv kev muaj zog los ntawm CRT. Kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv ntawm kev sim computerized yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev saib xyuas thiab kev txhawb nqa ntxiv. Thaum kawg, kev cob qhia cuam tshuam tuaj yeem muab xam rau hauv kev tshuaj ntsuam.
Lub sijhawm no, kev xeem hauv computer hauv online tsis yog ib txoj hauv kev tsim los rau tshuaj ntsuam rau dementia, ntsuam xyuas kev puas hlwb, lossis ua ib qho kev kuaj mob. Txawm li cas los xij, lub zog thiab lub peev xwm ntawm txoj hauv kev no, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev siv CRT, los ntsuas lub sijhawm luv (lub sijhawm luv) nco, yog qhov loj heev thiab yuav yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev siv yav tom ntej ntawm kev ntsuas kev txawj ntse, suav nrog. kev tshuaj ntsuam dementia thiab kev soj ntsuam, kev soj ntsuam kev tsis sib haum xeeb tom qab kev ua haujlwm, tsim kom muaj peev xwm ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws rau kev txiav txim siab, txheeb xyuas qhov tsis txaus siab tom qab kev raug mob, thiab kev kwv yees ntawm qhov muaj feem cuam tshuam rau kev tsav tsheb nyab xeeb. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no, nws tau pom tias MemTrax tuaj yeem ntes tau ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm kev paub tsis meej. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev txiav tawm qhov tseem ceeb tau nthuav tawm rau MTX qhov sib txawv uas sib npaug rau MoCA txiav tawm qhab nia rau MCI. Rau kev tshawb fawb yav tom ntej, nws raug nquahu kom tshawb xyuas cov pej xeem loj dua, qhia meej dua los tsim MemTrax ua cov cuab yeej tshuaj ntsuam rau MCI. Cov pej xeem zoo li no yuav tsum suav nrog cov qauv kuaj mob uas cov teeb meem kev kuaj mob tuaj yeem txhais tau raws li qhov ua tau thiab cov kev kawm tuaj yeem ua raws li lub sijhawm nrog MTX thiab lwm yam kev ntsuam xyuas kev txawj ntse. Cov kev soj ntsuam zoo li no tuaj yeem txiav txim siab qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm txoj hauv kev ntawm kev paub txog kev poob qis, cuam tshuam rau ob qho tib si kev laus thiab ntau yam kab mob. Raws li kev sim computerized thiab kev sau npe tsim, cov ntaub ntawv ntau ntxiv txog qib ntawm kev noj qab haus huv yuav dhau los ua muaj thiab tsis xav tsis thoob ua rau muaj kev txhim kho zoo hauv kev kho mob thiab cia siab tias yuav ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo li AD.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Peb xav ua tsaug rau Anne van der Heijden, Hanneke Rasing, Esther Sinnema, thiab Melinda Lodders rau lawv txoj haujlwm hauv txoj kev tshawb no. Tsis tas li ntawd, peb xav ua tsaug rau MemTrax, LLC rau kev muab tag nrho cov qauv dawb ntawm MemTrax xeem. Cov hauj lwm no yog ib feem ntawm kev tshawb fawb, uas yog nyiaj txiag los ntawm Lub Xeev Fryslân (01120657), lub Netherlands thiab Alfasigma Nederland BV (kev pab ncaj qha mus rau tus lej 01120657). Published: 12 Feb 2019
ua tim khawv
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Keywords: Alzheimer's disease, kev ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua, dementia, cov neeg laus, nco, me ntsis kev paub tsis meej, tshuaj ntsuam
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