UVavanyo lweNgcaciso yeSigulo sengqondo esixhalabisayo: Zeziphi iindawo ezahlukeneyo zengqondo?

Ngaba uhlala uzibhaqa ulibale ukuba kutheni ungene kwigumbi? Ngaba ukhe ube nengxaki yokunikela ingqalelo kumsebenzi owenzayo? Ukuba kunjalo, unokuba nomdla kuvavanyo lwengqondo. 

Iimvavanyo zengqondo zinokunceda ukuchonga nayiphi na imiba ngememori, ukugxila, kunye nobuchule bokucinga. Uvavanyo lokuqonda luneengcambu zalo kuvavanyo lobuntlola. Iimvavanyo zobuntlola zakwangoko zaphuhliswa ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1900 ukuchonga abantwana abafuna iinkonzo zemfundo eyodwa. Iimvavanyo ze-IQ ukususela ngoko ziye zafumana ukuthandwa kakhulu kwaye ziye zaseka uluntu olukhethekileyo olubizwa ngokuba yiMensa.

Ezi mvavanyo bezisoloko zigxekwa ngokutyekela kwinkcubeko kwaye azibonakalisi ngokuchanekileyo ubuchule bokwenene bomntu. Ngeminyaka yee-1960, iingcali zengqondo zengqondo zaqala ukuphuhlisa iintlobo ezintsha zovavanyo ezenzelwe ukulinganisa izakhono ezithile zengqondo. 

Ezi mvavanyo zasetyenziselwa ukuxilonga ukukhubazeka ekufundeni kunye nezinye iingxaki. Namhlanje, uvavanyo lokuqonda lusetyenziselwa iinjongo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya ukubekwa kwezemfundo, ukukhetha umsebenzi kunye nophando. Ngaphandle kweenzuzo kunye nokungalunganga, kukwakho ezinye izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Makhe sihlolisise macala omabini alo mbandela.

Yintoni uVavanyo lweNgcaciso?

Uvavanyo lokuqonda luvavanyo lwezengqondo oluyilelwe ukulinganisa amandla omntu okuqonda kunye namandla okuqonda. Olu vavanyo lusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezininzi zemfundo, zengqesho, kunye nezonyango. Siphuhlise i-MemTrax ukuvavanya uhlobo lwenkumbulo oludla ngokunxulunyaniswa nesifo sika-Alzheimer kunye nesifo sengqondo esiyingozi.

Olu hlobo lovavanyo alwenzelwanga ukuxilonga ingxaki ethile kodwa luvavanyo lokuqonda olunokuthi lukhusele ingxaki enokuthi ivavanywe ngakumbi. Ukongeza, isetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ukuba ingaba kukho umba wokuqonda kwindawo ethile yengqondo efuna ukuqwalaselwa ngakumbi. Ibhetri yovavanyo oluntsonkothileyo olufana nolwakhiwo yiCogniFit Uvavanyo lokuqonda Ibhetri (i-CAB) inokumisela ngokuchanekileyo ukuba yeyiphi inxalenye yengqondo enokuba nengxaki. Ukuba nesixhobo esichanekileyo esinje kunokuphucula indlela oogqirha abalawula ngayo izigulane zabo kwaye bajolise kwimimandla yengqondo ebonisa iziphumo ezibi ngamayeza athile okuphucula okunokwenzeka.

Yintoni Ukwazi?

Ingcamango yokuqonda yinkqubo yengqondo apho ulwazi lufunyanwa kwaye luqondwe ngokusebenzisa ingcamango, amava kunye neemvakalelo. Ibandakanya:

• Ukukwazi ukucinga: Ukukwazi ukucinga ngokuphandle, ukucinga ngesiqu sakho, kunye nokusombulula iingxaki
• Ukukwazi ukukhumbula: Ukukwazi ukugcina nokufumana ulwazi oluvela ukulahleka kwememori
• Ukukwazi ukunikela ingqalelo: Ukukwazi ukugxila kumsebenzi kunye nokuthintela iziphazamiso
• Ukukwazi ukusebenzisa ulwimi: Isakhono sokuqonda nokusebenzisa ulwimi oluthethwayo nolubhalwayo
• Ukusombulula iingxaki: Ukukwazi ukucinga ngokuphandle, ukucinga ngesiqu sakho, nokusombulula iingxaki
• umsebenzi wesigqeba: Ukukwazi ukucwangcisa, ukulungelelanisa, kunye nokwenza imisebenzi
• isakhono sokubona: ukukwazi ukubona nokutolika ulwazi olubonwayo

Zeziphi ezinye iimvavanyo zoVavanyo lweNgqondo oluQhelekileyo?

Okulandelayo luvavanyo oluqhelekileyo lovavanyo lwengqondo oluphelelwe lixesha kwaye lulungele ukutshintshwa yimisebenzi yanamhlanje yekhompyuter yokuqokelela idatha yelongitudinal:

1. I-Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fifth Edition (WISC-V) luvavanyo lobuntlola oludla ngokusetyenziswa ebantwaneni.
2. IStanford-Binet Intelligence Scale lolunye uvavanyo lwengqondo oluhlala lusetyenziswa nabantwana.
3. Ibhetri yoVavanyo lweKaufman yaBantwana luvavanyo lwengqondo olusoloko lusetyenziswa nabantwana.
4. UVavanyo lweNgqondo lweHlabathi jikelele (i-UNIT) luvavanyo lwengqondo olungadingi kusetyenziswa kolwimi.
5. Inkqubo yoVavanyo lweNgcaciso (i-CAS) luvavanyo lokuqonda oluhlala lusetyenziswa nabantu abadala.
   

Iimvavanyo zoQoqosho zithatha ntoni?

Ingqiqo Uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo lokulinganisa ubuchule bomntu kunye namandla akhe. Zisetyenziselwa ukumisela ukuba ingxaki yokuqonda isenokufuna ingqalelo engakumbi. 

Olu vavanyo aluloxilongo. Endaweni yoko, bakunceda ukuba wenze isigqibo sokuba ufuna ukuvavanywa ngakumbi okanye ukuba unengxaki yokuqonda efuna ukuhoywa. 

Kwimeko apho unengxaki yokugqiba imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla okanye unenkxalabo malunga nobuchule bakho bokuqonda, kunokuba bubulumko ukuthetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokufumana uvavanyo lokuqonda.

Zilawulwa Njani iiMvavanyo zoQoqosho? 2d vs 3d

Olu vavanyo ludla ngokulawulwa ngugqirha wengqondo, ugqirha wengqondo, okanye ezinye iingcali eziqeqeshiweyo. Umntu ovavanyayo uya kucelwa ukuba agqibezele imisebenzi elinganisa izakhono ezahlukeneyo zengqondo.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku iingcali zengqondo azikhange zibe nomnqweno wokutshintsha uvavanyo lwengqondo abalusebenzisayo ekusebenzeni kwabo. Ukulawula ipensile kunye novavanyo lwephepha kanye ukutyelela akwanelanga ukulinganisa i-organ eyinkimbinkimbi efana nengqondo ngakumbi xa i-pathology inokuvela amashumi eminyaka ngaphambi kweempawu zokuqala. Sibona oku njengendlela ye-2d kule ngxaki. Indlela ye-3d inokuba abantu bathathe uvavanyo lokuqonda rhoqo ukuze iimpawu zokuqala zengxaki zivele kwaye zilumkise umboneleli wokhathalelo ukuze unyango lusebenze ngakumbi. Ukongeza le modeli ye-3d inokunceda abaphandi babuyisele umva ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo yenjineli besebenzisa i-AI ukufumanisa ukuba kuqale nini kwaye nini oku kuphambana kwengqondo.

Ngaba Uvavanyo lokuqonda lwahluke njani kuVavanyo lwezoBukrelekrele?

Kukho umahluko ophambili phakathi kovavanyo lwengqondo kunye novavanyo lobukrelekrele:

Uvavanyo lobukrelekrele lwenza umlinganiselo wobuchule bomntu kunye namandla akhe.

Uvavanyo lokuqonda lukwayilelwe ukulinganisa ubukrelekrele bomntu kunye namandla akhe. Sekunjalo, ikwasetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ukuba ingaba kukho ingxaki yokuqonda efuna ingqalelo engakumbi.

Uvavanyo lobuntlola lunokusetyenziselwa iinjongo zemfundo okanye zengqesho. Uvavanyo lokuqonda lukwasetyenziselwa iinjongo zemfundo kunye nengqesho, kodwa ukongeza, iziphumo zovavanyo zinokusebenzisa ukuxilonga isifo.

Uvavanyo lobukrelekrele lulinganisa ukuqiqa, inkumbulo, kunye nobuchule bokusombulula iingxaki. Uvavanyo lokuqonda lukwalinganisa ezi zakhono, kodwa lunokulinganisa umsebenzi olawulayo, isakhono sokubonwa kwesithuba, kunye nokusetyenziswa kolwimi.

Ndixelele Ukubaluleka Kweemvavanyo Zokuqonda.

Babalulekile ukufumanisa ukuba umntu unengxaki yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, njengokuphazamiseka kwengqondo kancinci. Ngokuvavanya ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, abanyangi banokubuqonda ngcono ubuzaza bemeko kunye nendlela yokuyinyanga kakuhle. 

Ukuxilongwa kwangoko kunye nonyango lwezithintelo zengqondo zibalulekile ukuthintela imeko ukuba ingaqhubeli phambili ibe yinto enzima ngakumbi, efana ne-dementia. I-MemTrax isetyenziswe ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-30 njengovavanyo lokubona kwangoko ukonakala kwenkumbulo yexesha elifutshane.

Kutheni abantu bedinga iimvavanyo zeCognitive?

Oku kulandelayo zezinye zezizathu eziqhelekileyo zokuba kutheni abantu behamba kuvavanyo lwengqondo:

1. Ukumisela ukuxilongwa kwesifo sengqondo esiyingozi okanye esinye isiphazamiso sengqondo
2. Ukuvavanya utshintsho kwingqondo (yokucinga, ukufunda, kunye nenkumbulo) ekuhambeni kwexesha
3. Ukunceda ukuchonga unobangela wesifo sengqondo esiyingozi okanye esinye isiphazamiso sengqondo
4. Ukukhangela iintlobo ezithile zezakhono zokucinga, ezifana nokuqwalaselwa okanye umsebenzi olawulayo
5. Ukucwangcisa unyango lwesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo okanye olunye ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo emva kweziphumo zovavanyo
6. Ukubeka iliso kwiziphumo zonyango lwe-dementia okanye enye ingxaki yokuqonda
7. Ukuvavanya ukuba ingaba umntu usemngciphekweni wokuba ne-dementia okanye okunye ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo.
   

Yeyiphi imizekelo yovavanyo lwengqondo?

Ilandelayo yimizekelo yovavanyo lwengqondo enokusetyenziswa:

• Uvavanyo olucela umsebenzisi ukuba akhumbule iseti yemifanekiso, amagama, okanye ezinye izivuseleli
• Imibuzo ephonononga inkqubo yabantu yemihla ngemihla, indlela abaziva ngayo ngempilo yabo, kunye nendlela abantu ababathandayo abasichaza ngayo isimo sabo sokuqonda
• Imisebenzi entsonkothileyo yokusombulula iingxaki enokuthi abasebenzisi bajikelezise into, bamisele umahluko phakathi kwezivuseleli, kwaye bavavanye imida yeendawo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zokuqonda.
• Imisebenzi yokuzoba enokwenza ukuba umntu azobe iwotshi, umfanekiso, okanye into elula ukuze umbhalo uhlalutywe ngugqirha wengqondo oqhuba uvavanyo.

Yintoni iNqaku eliLungileyo loVavanyo lweNgcaciso?

Kuxhomekeke kuvavanyo olwenziwayo kunye nabemi abavavanywayo. Umzekelo, amanqaku angama-26 okanye ngaphezulu kwi-MoCA athathwa njengesiqhelo. Amanqaku angama-23-25 ​​athathwa njengokuphazamiseka kwengqondo kancinci, kwaye amanqaku angama-22 okanye asezantsi athathwa njengesifo sengqondo esiyingozi. 

Nangona kunjalo, ukuvavanywa kwengqondo yinto enye yolwazi ekufuneka iqwalaselwe xa usenza uxilongo. Izinto ezifana nembali yonyango kunye neempawu kufuneka kwakhona zithathelwe ingqalelo.

Ngaba kukho uVavanyo lwaSimahla loQoqosho?

Ewe, kukho izisombululo zasimahla kwiingxaki zengqondo ezikhoyo kwi-Intanethi. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba ezi mvavanyo zinokungachaneki okanye zingathembeki. Ukuba unenkxalabo malunga nempilo yakho yengqondo, kungcono ukubonana nogqirha okanye enye ingcali yezempilo ukuze uhlolwe. Eminye imizekelo yovavanyo lwasimahla lwengqondo yile:

IMemTrax Uvavanyo lweMemori:

Ziziphi iiNzuzo zoVavanyo lweNgcaciso?

Okulandelayo ezinye zezibonelelo zovavanyo lwengqondo:

Vavanya iiNguqu kuQoqosho:

Inceda ekuxilongeni kwangethuba kunye nonyango lwezithintelo zengqondo, okubalulekileyo ukuthintela ukuqhubela phambili kwinto enzima ngakumbi, efana ne-dementia.

Ukuzinza kwengqondo:

Uvavanyo lokuqonda lukwanceda ekuphuculeni uzinzo lwengqondo. Umzekelo, uvavanyo lwememori ye-MemTrax luvavanyo lokuhlola ukukhubazeka okuphakathi kwengqondo. Inceda umsebenzisi ukuba azi umsebenzi wabo wokuqonda kwaye asebenze kuwo ukuyiphucula. Uvavanyo olufana nolu vumela umsebenzisi ukuba abhale idatha yakhe kwaye abukele utshintsho olunokuthi lwenzeke ekuhambeni kwexesha.

Imiba yoMngcipheko:

Inceda ekuchongeni imiba yengozi yokuncipha kwengqondo kunye nesifo sengqondo esiyingozi. Umzekelo, uVavanyo lokwenziwa kweTrail ngumlinganiselo womsebenzi wesigqeba. Inokunceda ekuchongeni abantu abasemngciphekweni woxinzelelo olungaqinisekanga kunye nesifo sengqondo esiyingozi.

Beka iliso kwiziphumo zoNyango:

Inceda ekubekeni iliso kwiziphumo zonyango lwezithintelo zengqondo, ezifana nesifo sengqondo esiyingozi okanye isifo se-Alzheimer. Ngokomzekelo, i-Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog) isetyenziselwa ukubeka esweni utshintsho kwingqiqo kubantu abanesifo se-Alzheimer. Ezi mvavanyo zindala zezeminyaka yee-1980 kwaye kufuneka zithatyathelw’ indawo ziimvavanyo zale mihla zekhompyutha.

UVavanyo lwaSimahla lweNgcaciso:

Ewe, kukho iimvavanyo ezininzi zesakhono sengqondo ezifumaneka kwi-intanethi. Ukuba unenkxalabo malunga nempilo yakho yengqondo, kungcono ukubonana nogqirha.

Zeziphi ezinye iiCons kuVavanyo lweSakhono sokuQonda?

Iimvavanyo zokukwazi ukuqonda zinezinye iingxaki, ezi zilandelayo:

Iimvavanyo zengqondo zinokubiza. Umzekelo, i-Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog) ixabisa malunga ne-350 yeedola.

Iimvavanyo zengqondo zinokutya ixesha. I-MoCA ithatha malunga nemizuzu engama-30 ukuyigqiba. Uvavanyo lokuqonda lusenokungachaneki okanye luthembeke, ngakumbi ukuba lugqitywe ngaphandle kweliso elivela kwingcali yezempilo.

Uvavanyo lokuqonda lusenokungakwazi ukubona zonke iintlobo zokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Umzekelo, uVavanyo lweMini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) lusenokungakwazi ukubona impairment yengqondo ephakathi. I-MMSE iphelelwe lixesha kwaye imele iindawo zophando zokungakwazi ukwamkela itekhnoloji entsha njengovavanyo lwememori ye-intanethi ye-MemTrax.

Uvavanyo lokuqonda lusenokungakwazi ukubona amanqanaba okuqala oxinzelelo lwengqondo. Umzekelo, uVavanyo lokwenziwa kweTrail lusenokungakwazi ukubona amanqanaba okuqala okuhla kwengqondo.

Uvavanyo lokuqonda lusenokungakwazi ukubona zonke iintlobo zesifo sengqondo esiyingozi. Umzekelo, i-Lewy Body Dementia Association's cognitive Screening Test (LBDA-cog) ayinakukwazi ukubona zonke iintlobo ze-dementia.

Kutheni i-MemTrax lolona vavanyo lungcono lokuqonda

Ukuqukumbela, olu vavanyo lokuqonda lunenzuzo ezithile kwaye luyindlela yokuba novavanyo lovavanyo lwehlabathi lonke olunokuthi abantu balusebenzise simahla njengoko iyimifanekiso emihle kwaye iguqulelwe kwiilwimi ezili-120+. Ukuba unenkxalabo malunga nempilo yakho yengqondo, kungcono ukubonana nogqirha okanye enye ingcali yezempilo ukuze uhlolwe. Uvavanyo lwenkumbulo ye-MemTrax bachwetheza inkumbulo yexesha elifutshane kakhulu enxulumene ne-Alzheimer kunye nesifo sengqondo esiyingozi.

Uvavanyo lwengqondo alukwazi ukubona zonke iintlobo zokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, kodwa kunokuba luncedo ekuxilongweni kwangaphambili kunye nonyango. A uvavanyo lwengqondo kunokunceda kwakhona ukuchonga imiba esemngciphekweni wokuhla kwengqondo kunye nesifo sengqondo esiyingozi. Siyathemba ukuba eli nqaku libe luncedo kuwe. Ukuba uneminye imibuzo zive ukhululekile ukuqhagamshelana nathi kwiphepha lethu loqhagamshelwano.