Tijaabada MemTrax marka la barbar dhigo Qiimaynta Garashada Montreal ee Qiimaynta garashada khafiifka ah

Nooca maqaalka: MemTrax Research Qodobka

Qorayaasha: van der Hoek, Marjanne D. | Nieuwenhuizen, Arie | Keijer, Jaap | Ashford, J. Wesson

Saaxiibo:  Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA - Waaxda Cilmi-nafsiga iyo Sayniska Dhaqanka, Xarunta Cilmi-baarista ee Cuntada iyo Caanaha, Van Hall Larenstein University of Applied Sciences, Leeuwarden, Nederland | Cilmi-nafsiga Aadanaha iyo Xoolaha, Jaamacadda Wageningen, Wageningen, Nederlaan | Xarunta Cilmi-baarista Xanuunada iyo Dhaawaca Dagaalka, VA Palo Alto HCS, Palo Alto, CA, USA

DOI: 10.3233/JAD-181003

Joornaalka: Joornaalka Cudurka Alzheimer, vol. 67, Maya. 3, p.1045-1054, 2019

aan la taaban karin

Waxyeellada garashada ayaa ah sababta ugu weyn ee cillad la'aanta dadka waayeelka ah. Goorma garasho fudud oo daciif ah (MCI) waxay ku dhacdaa dadka da'da ah, waxay inta badan ku tahay xaalad prodromal ah waallida. Qiimaynta garaadka ee Montreal (MoCA) waa qalab inta badan la isticmaalo si loogu baadho MCI. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, imtixaankani wuxuu u baahan yahay maamul fool ka fool ah wuxuuna ka kooban yahay noocyo kala duwan oo su'aalo ah oo jawaabahooda lagu daray qiimeehu si loo helo dhibco macnahooda saxda ah uu ahaa muran. Daraasadan waxaa loo qorsheeyay in lagu qiimeeyo waxqabadka kumbuyuutarka baaritaanka xusuusta (MemTrax), kaas oo ah laqabsiga hawl aqoonsi oo joogto ah, marka la eego MoCA. Laba cabbir oo natiijada ayaa laga soo saaray Imtixaanka MemTrax: MemTraxspeed iyo MemTrax waa sax. Maadooyinka waxaa la maamulay MoCA iyo Imtixaanka MemTrax. Iyada oo ku saleysan natiijooyinka MoCA, maadooyinka waxaa loo qaybiyay laba kooxood oo heerka garashada ah: garashada caadiga ah (n = 45) iyo MCI (n = 37). Dhibcaha MemTrax celceliska ayaa aad uga hooseeya MCI marka loo eego kooxda garashada caadiga ah. Dhammaan doorsoomayaasha natiijada MemTrax waxay si togan ula xiriireen MoCA. Laba hab, xisaabinta celceliska Dhibcaha MemTrax iyo dib u noqoshada toosan ayaa loo isticmaalay in lagu qiyaaso qiima dhimista imtixaanka MemTrax si loo ogaado MCI. Hababkani waxay muujiyeen in natiijada MemTraxxawaaraha dhibco ka hooseeya inta u dhaxaysa 0.87 - 91 s-1 waa calaamad MCI, iyo natiijada MemTraxsax Dhibcaha ka hooseeya inta u dhaxaysa 85 - 90% waxay calaamad u tahay MCI.

HORDHAC

Dadka adduunka oo dhan, oo ay hoggaamiyaan Yurub, Waqooyiga Ameerika, iyo Waqooyiga Aasiya, ayaa gaboobay, taasoo keentay koror degdeg ah saamiga dadka waayeelka ah. Marka ay da'du sii kordheyso, waxa jira horusocod si wanaagsan loo aasaasay, kororka jibbaarada ee horumarinta garashada daciifnimada, waallida, iyo cudurka Alzheimers (AD), taasoo horseedaysa koror aad u weyn oo ah tirada dadka qaba xaaladahan. Ogaanshaha goor hore iyo aqoonsiga cilladaha garashada waxay wanaajin kartaa daryeelka bukaanka, hoos u dhigi kartaa kharashka daryeelka caafimaadka, waxayna gacan ka geysan kartaa dib u dhigista bilawga calaamadaha daran, sidaas awgeed waxay suurtogal u tahay inay fududeyso culeyska degdega ah ee waallida iyo AD. Sidaa darteed, qalab wanaagsan ayaa loo baahan yahay si loo kormeero shaqada garashada ee waayeelka.

Si loo sameeyo qiimeynta bukaan-socodka ee hawlaha garashada iyo habdhaqanka ee waayeelka, dhakhaatiirta iyo cilmi-baarayaashu waxay soo saareen boqollaal qalab baaritaan iyo qiimeyn kooban, dhowr tijaabo ayaa loo adeegsaday isticmaalka caadiga ah. Mid ka mid ah aaladaha inta badan loo isticmaalo qiimeynta bukaan-socodka ee daciifnimada garaadka fudud (MCI) ee goobaha tacliinta waa Qiimaynta Garashada Montreal (MoCA).

MoCA waxay qiimeysaa todobada hawlood ee garashada: fulinta, magac-u-dhigid, feejignaan, luqad, soo-saarid, xasuus/xusuustii dib u dhacday, iyo hanuuninta. Xusuusta xusuusta / dib u dhigista xusuusta iyo jihaynta MoCA ayaa hore loo aqoonsaday inay yihiin shayada ugu xasaasisan ee hore ee garaadka nooca Alzheimer-ka, taas oo keentay fikradda ah in kaydinta xusuusta ay tahay qodobka aasaasiga ah ee lagu weeraray habka neerfaha AD. Sidaa darteed, qalab caafimaad oo loogu talagalay qiimeynta cilladaha garashada ee la xidhiidha AD, xusuusta ayaa ah qodobka udub dhexaadka u ah in la tixgeliyo, halka cilladaha kale, oo ay ku jiraan aphasia, apraxia, agnosia, iyo hawl-qabad la'aanta fulinta, inkastoo inta badan ay carqaladeeyaan AD, laga yaabo inay la xiriiraan. si ay u xumaato hababka farsamaynta xusuusta neuroplastic ee taageerada gobollada neocortical.

In kasta oo MoCA-ga si weyn loogu isticmaalo qiimaynta MCI, maamulka MoCA waxa loo sameeyaa fool ka fool, kaas oo wakhti badan qaata una baahan kulan caafimaad oo sidaas awgeed u baahan kharash badan maamul kasta. Inta lagu guda jiro qiimeynta, waqtiga loo baahan yahay in la qaado imtixaanku wuxuu kordhiyaa saxnaanta qiimeynta, sidaas darteed horumarinta mustaqbalka waa in lagu xisaabtamaa xiriirkan si loo horumariyo imtixaano hufan.

Arrin muhiim ah oo meeshan ka jira ayaa ah baahida loo qabo qiimaynta garashada muddada ka dib. Qiimaynta isbeddelada wakhtiga waa muhiim u ah ogaanshaha iyo go'aaminta horumarka naafanimada, waxtarka daaweynta, iyo qiimeynta waxqabadyada cilmi-baarista daaweynta. Inta badan qalabka noocan ah ee la heli karo kuma haboona ama looguma talagalin heerar sare oo sax ah si fududna looma maamuli karo si joogto ah. Xalka lagu hagaajinayo qiimaynta garashada ayaa la soo jeediyay in uu noqdo kombuyuutar, laakiin inta badan dadaallada noocan oo kale ah ayaa bixiyay wax yar oo ka badan kumbuyuutaraynta imtixaannada neuropsychological ee caadi ahaan loo isticmaalo, oo aan loo horumarin si si gaar ah wax looga qabto arrimaha muhiimka ah ee qiimeynta garashada ee loo baahan yahay in la fahmo goor hore. dementia iyo horumarkeeda. Sidaa darteed, qalabka cusub ee qiimaynta garashada waa in lagu sameeyaa kombuyuutar oo ku salaysan ilo aan xadidnayn oo imtixaan la barbardhigi karo, kuwaas oo aan xaddidnayn luqad ama dhaqan, kuwaas oo bixiya heerar sax ah, sax ah, iyo isku hallayn oo si tartiib tartiib ah loo horumarin karo. Intaa waxaa dheer, imtixaanada noocan oo kale ah waa inay noqdaan kuwo madadaalo leh oo soo jiidasho leh, si imtixaannada soo noqnoqda loo tixgeliyo mid togan oo aan ahayn khibrad culus. Tijaabada onlaynka ah, gaar ahaan, waxay bixisaa suurtogalnimada in lagu daboolo baahidan, iyada oo la bixinayo ururinta degdega ah iyo falanqaynta xogta, iyo bixinta jawaab celin degdeg ah shakhsiyaadka ka qaybqaata, dhakhaatiirta, iyo cilmi-baarayaasha.

Daraasadda hadda la joogo waxaa loo qaabeeyey si loo qiimeeyo u-tartimaadda laqabsiga on-line ee halbeegga hawl ictiraafka joogtada ah (CRT), si loo qiimeeyo shaqada garashada ee dadwaynaha deggan shakhsiyaadka bulshada ee aan loo aqoonsan inay qabaan waallida. Qaabka CRT ayaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa tacliinta daraasadaha xusuusta hababka. Habka CRT ayaa markii ugu horreysay loo hirgeliyay sidii qalab bandhig dhegeyste oo bixisa xogta shakhsiyaadka xiisaynayay dhibaatooyinka xusuusta. Ka dib, tijaabadan waxaa online ka hirgelisay shirkad Faransiis ah (HAPPYneuron, Inc.); Shirkad fadhigeedu yahay Maraykanka, MemTrax, LLC (http://www.memtrax.com); by Maskaxda Caafimaadka Diiwaangelinta uu sameeyay Dr. Michael Weiner, UCSF, iyo kooxdiisa si ay u taageeraan qoritaanka daraasadaha garaadka naafada; iyo shirkad Shiinees ah SJN Biomed, LTD). Imtixaankan, laga bilaabo Juun 2018, wuxuu helay xog ka badan 200,000 isticmaalayaasha, waxayna ku jirtaa tijaabooyin dalal dhowr ah.

Daraasadda hadda jirta, MemTrax (MTX), oo ah imtixaan ku salaysan CRT, ayaa lagu maamulay iyada oo lala kaashanayo MoCA ee dadka waayeelka ah ee madaxbannaan ee ku nool waqooyiga Nederland. Ujeedada daraasaddan ayaa ahayd in la go'aamiyo xidhiidhka ka dhexeeya waxqabadka hirgelinta CRT iyo MoCA. Su'aashu waxay ahayd in MTX ay faa'iido u yeelan doonto qiyaasta hawlaha garashada ee ay qiimeeyeen MoCA, taas oo muujin karta suurtagalnimada ku habboonaanta bukaan-socodka.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Barashada dadka

Intii u dhaxaysay Oktoobar 2015 iyo May 2016, daraasad dhinacyo badan taabanaysa ayaa lagu sameeyay dadka waayeelka ah ee bulshada deggan waqooyiga Nederlaan. Maadooyinka (≥75y) waxaa lagu shaqaaleysiiyay qaybinta warqadaha iyo inta lagu guda jiro shirarka kooxeed ee loo abaabulay dadka da'da ah. Mawduucyada suurtagalka ah ayaa lagu booqday guriga si loo baadho ka mid noqoshada iyo shuruudaha ka saarista ka hor inta aan la diwaangelin daraasaddan. Mawduucyada uu ku dhacay waallida (is-sheegid) ama kuwa aragga ama maqalka si xun u liita oo saamayn ku yeelan doona maamulka imtixaannada garashada looma oggola inay ka qaybqaataan daraasaddan. Intaa waxaa dheer, maadooyinka waxay u baahan yihiin inay awoodaan inay ku hadlaan oo fahmaan luqadda Nederlandka oo aanay noqon kuwo aan wax qorin. Daraasada ayaa lagu sameeyay sida ku cad cadadka Helsinki ee 1975 dhammaan ka qaybgalayaashuna way saxeexeen oggolaansho la wargeliyay foomka ka dib markii la helo sharaxaad faahfaahsan ee daraasadda.

Habka waxbarashada

Ka dib diiwaangelinta daraasadda, su'aalo-ururinta guud ayaa la maamulay, kaas oo ay ku jiraan su'aalo ku saabsan arrimaha tirakoobka, sida da'da iyo sanadaha waxbarashada (laga bilaabo dugsiga hoose), taariikhda caafimaadka, iyo isticmaalka khamriga. Kadib dhammaystirka xog-ururinta, imtixaannada MoCA iyo MTX ayaa loo maamulay si aan kala sooc lahayn.

MemTrax - Xarunta Caafimaadka Cilmi-baarista

Si xushmad leh MemTrax, LLC (Redwood City, CA, USA), noocyada buuxa ee imtixaanka MTX ayaa la bixiyay. Imtixaankan, taxane ah 50 sawir ayaa la soo bandhigay ilaa saddex ilbiriqsi kasta. Marka sawir sax ah oo soo noqnoqday uu soo baxo (25/50), maadooyinka waxaa la faray in ay ka falceliyaan sawirka soo noqnoqda sida ugu dhakhsaha badan iyaga oo riixaya booska bannaan (kaas oo lagu muujiyay cajalad midab casaan ah). Marka mawduuca uu ka jawaabay sawir, sawirka ku xiga ayaa la muujiyay isla markiiba. Kadib marka la dhammeeyo imtixaanka, barnaamijku wuxuu muujinayaa boqolkiiba jawaabaha saxda ah (MTXsax) iyo celceliska waqtiga falcelinta ee ilbiriqsiyo ee sawirada soo noqnoqda, taas oo ka tarjumaysa wakhtiga loo baahan yahay in la riixo booska bannaan marka la aqoonsanayo sawir soo noqnoqda. Si loo waafajiyo cabbirrada labadan cabbir, wakhtiga falcelinta waxaa loo beddelay xawaaraha falcelinta (MTXxawaaraha) iyadoo loo qaybinayo 1 wakhtiga falcelinta (ie, 1/MTXwaqtiga falcelinta). Taariikhda imtixaanka dhammaan buundooyinka MemTrax shaqsi iyo ansaxnimadooda waxaa si toos ah loogu keydiyay onlayn koontada imtixaanka. ansaxnimada dhammaan imtixaanadii la sameeyay waa la hubiyay, una baahan 5 ama ka yar jawaabaha beenta ah ee beenta ah, 10 ama in ka badan aqoonsiga saxda ah, iyo celceliska wakhtiga aqoonsiga inta u dhaxaysa 0.4 iyo 2 sekan, iyo imtixaano ansax ah oo kaliya ayaa lagu soo daray falanqaynta.

Ka hor inta aan la qaadin imtixaanka dhabta ah ee MTX, imtixaanka si faahfaahsan ayaa loo sharaxay waxaana la siiyay imtixaan ku celcelin ah maadooyinka. Tan kuma koobna oo keliya imtixaanka laftiisa, laakiin sidoo kale tilmaamaha iyo boggaga tirinta si loogu ogolaado ka qaybqaataha in uu la qabsado qaabka goobta iyo ficillada bilowga ah ee loo baahan yahay, ka hor bilowga imtixaanka. Si looga fogaado soo noqnoqda sawirada inta lagu jiro tijaabada dhabta ah, sawirada aan lagu darin xogta MemTrax ayaa loo isticmaalay imtixaanka barbarta.

Qiimaynta garashada ee Montreal qalab

Ogolaanshaha waxaa laga helay Machadka MoCA & Clinique (Quebec, Canada) si loogu isticmaalo MoCA cilmi-baaristan. MoCA-da Nederlandka waxa lagu heli karaa saddex nooc, kuwaas oo si aan kala sooc lahayn loo maamulay maadooyinka. Dhibcaha MoCA waa wadarta waxqabadka ee goob kasta oo garasho gaar ah oo la qiimeeyay oo leh ugu badnaan 30 dhibcood. Sida ku cad talada rasmiga ah, dhibic dheeraad ah ayaa lagu daray haddii ka qaybqaataha uu haysto ≤12 sano oo waxbarasho ah (haddii <30 dhibcood). Tilmaamaha imtixaanka rasmiga ah ayaa loo isticmaalay hage ahaan inta lagu jiro maamulka imtixaanada. Imtixaannada waxaa qaaday saddex cilmi-baarayaal oo tababaran, waxaana maamulka hal imtixaan uu qaatay qiyaastii 10 illaa 15 daqiiqo.

Falanqaynta xogta MemTrax

Iyada oo ku saleysan natiijooyinka MoCA, kaas oo lagu saxay waxbarashada, maadooyinka waxaa loo qaybiyay laba kooxood oo heerka garashada ah: garashada caadiga ah (NC) oo ka soo horjeeda garaadka fudud (MCI). Dhibcaha MoCA ee 23 waxa loo adeegsaday goyn ahaan MCI (dhibcaha 22 iyo wixii ka hooseeya ayaa loo tixgaliyay MCI), iyadoo la muujiyay in buundadani ay muujisay guud ahaan 'saxnimada ogaanshaha ugu wanaagsan ee cabirrada kala duwan' marka la barbar dhigo dhibcaha bilowga lagu taliyey ee 26 ama qiyamka 24 ama 25. Dhammaan falanqaynta, buundada MoCA ee la saxay ayaa la isticmaalay iyadoo buundadan loo isticmaalo goobaha caafimaadka.

Imtixaanka MTX waxa uu bixiyaa laba natiijo, kuwaas oo kala ah MTXwaqtiga falcelinta, kaas oo loo beddelay MTXxawaaraha by 1/MTXwaqtiga falcelintaiyo MTXsax.

Falanqaynta tirakoobka ayaa la sameeyay iyadoo la adeegsanayo R (nooca 1.0.143, Kooxda Rstudio, 2016). Caadi ahaan waxaa lagu hubiyay dhammaan doorsoomayaasha imtixaanka Shapiro-Wilk. Kala duwanaanshaha dadka daraasadda oo dhan, iyo kooxaha NC iyo MCI, ayaa lagu soo warramey inay yihiin celceliska ± weecanaanta caadiga ah (SD), dhex dhexaadinta iyo kala-duwanaanta (IQR) ama tirada iyo boqolkiiba. Tijaabooyin madax-banaan T-tijaabooyin iyo Wilcoxon Sum Rank imtixaanada doorsoomayaal joogto ah iyo imtixaanada Chi-squared ee doorsoomayaasha kala duwan ayaa la sameeyay si loo barbardhigo sifooyinka kooxda NC iyo MCI. Imtixaanka Kruskal-Wallis ee aan parametric-ka ahayn ayaa la isticmaalay si loo go'aamiyo haddii saddexda nooc ee MoCA iyo saddexda maamule ay saameeyeen natiijooyinka MoCA. Intaa waxaa dheer, imtixaan madax-bannaan oo T-imtixaan ama Wilcoxon Sum Rank ayaa la sameeyay si loo go'aamiyo in nidaamka maamulka MoCA iyo MTX uu saameeyay natiijooyinka imtixaanka (tusaale, dhibcaha MoCA, MTXsaxiyo MTXxawaaraha). Tan waxaa lagu sameeyay iyadoo la go'aamiyay haddii celceliska buundooyinka ay ka duwan yihiin maaddooyinka helay MoCA-ga iyo ka dib MemTrax ama kuwa helay MTX ka dibna MoCA.

Isku xidhka Pearson imtixaanada waxaa loo xisaabiyay si loo qiimeeyo xidhiidhka ka dhexeeya MTX iyo MoCA iyo inta u dhaxaysa labada MemTrax natiijooyinka imtixaanka, tusaale, MTXspeed iyo MTX sax ah. Xisaabinta cabbirka muunadda hore ee la fuliyay ayaa muujisay in tijaabada isku xidhka Pearson hal dabo leh (awood = 80 % , α = 0.05), iyada oo loo malaynayo cabbirka saamaynta dhexdhexaadka ah (r = 0.3), cabbirka ugu yar ee n = 67 ayaa loo baahnaa. Tijaabooyinka isku xidhka polyserial ayaa la xisaabiyay si loo qiimeeyo xidhiidhka ka dhexeeya natiijooyinka imtixaanka MTX iyo xayndaabka MoCA ee goonida ah iyadoo la adeegsanayo xirmada maskaxda ee R.

Dhibcaha u dhigma ee MoCA ee buundooyinka MemTrax waxaa la xisaabiyay iyadoo la xisaabinayo celceliska dhibcaha MemTrax ee dhibco kasta oo suurtagal ah MoCA iyo dib u noqoshada toosan ayaa la sameeyay si loo qiyaaso isla'egyada la xiriira cabbiradan. Intaa waxaa dheer, si loo go'aamiyo qiyamka goynta ee imtixaanka MemTrax ee MCI ee lagu cabbiray MoCA, iyo dareenka u dhigma iyo qiyamka gaarka ah, falanqaynta Dabeecadda Hawl-wadeenka Qaadashada (ROC) ayaa la sameeyay iyadoo la adeegsanayo xirmada pROC ee R. Bootstrapping-ka aan-parametric-ka ahayn (n) = 2000) ayaa loo adeegsaday isbarbardhigga aagga ka hooseeya qalooca (AUCs) iyo inta u dhaxaysa kalsoonida. Dhibcaha goynta ugu wanagsan waxaa lagu xisaabiyay habka Youden, kaas oo kor u qaadaya wanaagga runta ah iyada oo la yareynayo wanaagga beenta ah.

Dhammaan falanqaynta tirakoobka, p-qiimaha laba-geesoodka ah ee <0.05 ayaa loo tixgaliyay inay tahay marin muhiim u ah tirakoobka, marka laga reebo falanqaynta si loo qiimeeyo xidhiidhka ka dhexeeya MTX iyo MoCA (ie, falanqaynta isku xidhka iyo dib u noqoshada toosan ee fudud) p-qiimaha dhinaceed <0.05 ayaa loo tixgaliyay inay tahay mid muhiim ah.

Natiijooyinka MemTrax

maadooyinka

Wadar ahaan, 101 maado ayaa lagu soo daray daraasaddan. Xogta 19 qof ayaa laga saaray falanqaynta, maadaama natiijada imtixaanka MemTrax ee 12 maado aan lagu badbaadin barnaamijku, 6 maado ayaa leh natiijooyin aan sax ahayn MemTrax, iyo hal maado ayaa leh dhibcaha MoCA ee 8 dhibcood, taas oo muujinaysa cillad garaadka daran, taas oo ahayd shuruud ka saarid. Sidaa darteed, xogta laga helay maadooyinka 82 ayaa lagu daray falanqaynta. Ma jiro farqi weyn oo u dhexeeya natiijooyinka imtixaanka MoCA ee u dhexeeya noocyada kala duwan ee MoCA iyo inta u dhaxaysa maamulayaasha. Intaa waxaa dheer, nidaamka maamulka imtixaanku wax saamayn ah kuma yeelan mid ka mid ah buundooyinka imtixaanka (MoCA, MTXxawaaraha, MTXsax). Iyada oo ku saleysan natiijooyinka imtixaanka MoCA, maadooyinka waxaa lagu meeleeyay kooxda NC ama MCI (tusaale, MoCA ≥ 23 ama MoCA <23, siday u kala horreeyaan). Tilmaamaha maadada wadarta guud ee daraasadda, iyo kooxaha NC iyo MCI ayaa lagu soo bandhigay shaxda 1. Ma jiro farqi weyn oo u dhexeeya kooxaha, marka laga reebo dhibcaha MoCA dhexdhexaadka ah (25 (IQR: 23-26) marka loo eego 21 (IQR: 19-22) ) dhibcood, Z = -7.7, p <0.001).

Shaxda 1

Astaamaha Mawduuca

Wadarta dadka daraasadda (n = 82) NC (n = 45) MCI (n = 37) p
Da'da (y) 83.5 ± 5.2 82.6 ± 4.9 84.7 ± 5.4 0.074
Dheddig, Maya. (%) 55 (67) 27 (60) 28 (76) 0.133
Waxbarashada (y) 10.0 (8.0 - 13.0) 11.0 (8.0 - 14.0) 10.0 (8.0 - 12.0) 0.216
Qaadashada khamriga (# muraayadaha/toddobaadkii) 0 (0 - 4) 0 (0 - 3) 0 (0 - 5) 0.900
Dhibcaha MoCA (# dhibcood) 23 (21 - 25) 25 (23 - 26) 21 (19 - 22) na

Qiimaha waxaa lagu muujiyay celcelis ahaan ± sd, dhexdhexaad ah (IQR) ama tiro leh boqolkiiba.

Heerka garashada waxaa lagu qiyaasay MemTrax

Heerka garashada waxaa lagu cabiray imtixaanka MTX. Jaantuska 1 wuxuu muujinayaa natiijooyinka baaritaanka garashada Natiijooyinka maadooyinka NC iyo MCI. celceliska buundooyinka MTX (tusaale, MTXxawaaraha iyo MTXsax) aad bay ugu kala duwanaayeen labada kooxood. Maadooyinka NC (0.916 ± 0.152 s-1) wuxuu lahaa xawaare falcelin degdeg ah oo weyn marka loo eego maadooyinka MCI (0.816 ± 0.146 s-1; t (80) = 3.01, p = 0.003) (Jaantus. 1A). Intaa waxaa dheer, maadooyinka NC waxay heleen dhibco ka wanaagsan MTXsax ka duwan maadooyinka MCI (91.2 ± 5.0% iyo 87.0 ± 7.7% siday u kala horreeyaan; tw (59) = 2.89, p = 0.005) (Jaantus. 1B).

Fig.1

Sanduuqyada natiijooyinka imtixaanka MTX ee kooxaha NC iyo MCI. A) MTXxawaaraha natiijada imtixaanka iyo B) MTXsax natiijada imtixaanka. Labada doorsoomayaal natiijada imtixaannada MTX aad bay uga hooseeyaan kooxda MCI marka la barbar dhigo NC. Midabka cawlan ee fudud ayaa tilmaamaya maadooyinka NC, halka midabka cawlan ee madow uu tilmaamayo maadooyinka MCI.

Qiimaynta garashada ee montreal, Imtixaanka xusuusta onlaynka, tijaabada garashada, tijaabada maskaxda, cudurka Alzheimers iyo waallida, MemTrax

Sanduuqyada natiijooyinka imtixaanka MTX ee kooxaha NC iyo MCI. A) Natiijooyinka tijaabada MTXspeed iyo B) MTX natiijada imtixaanka saxda ah. Labada doorsoome ee natiijada imtixaannada MemTrax aad bay uga hooseeyaan kooxda MCI marka la barbar dhigo NC. Midabka cawlan ee fudud ayaa tilmaamaya maadooyinka NC, halka midabka cawlan ee madow uu tilmaamayo maadooyinka MCI.

Xidhiidhka u dhexeeya MemTrax iyo MOCA

Ururada udhaxeeya buundooyinka MTX iyo MoCA ayaa lagu muujiyay sawirka 2. Labada doorsoome ee MTX waxay si togan ula xidhiidheen MoCA. MTXxawaaraha iyo MoCA waxay muujisay xidhiidh weyn oo r = 0.39 (p = 0.000), iyo xidhiidhka ka dhexeeya MTXsax iyo MoCA wuxuu ahaa r = 0.31 (p = 0.005). Ma jirin wax xiriir ah oo ka dhexeeya MTXxawaaraha iyo MTXsax.

Fig.2

Ururada ka dhexeeya A) MTXxawaaraha iyo MOCA; B) MTXsax iyo MOCA; C) MTXsax iyo MTXxawaaraha. Maadooyinka NC iyo MCI waxa lagu tilmaamay dhibco iyo saddex xagal siday u kala horreeyaan. Geesta hoose ee midig ee garaaf kasta rho iyo qiimaha p ee u dhigma ayaa lagu muujiyay xidhiidhka ka dhexeeya labada doorsoome.

Xusuusta khadka bilaashka ah ee tijaabiyeyaasha maskaxda ee alzheimer tijaabinta waallida online-ka ah

Ururada u dhexeeya A) MTXspeed iyo MoCA; B) MTX sax ah iyo MoCA; C) MTX sax ah iyo MTXspeed. Maadooyinka NC iyo MCI waxa lagu tilmaamay dhibco iyo saddex xagal siday u kala horreeyaan. Geesta hoose ee midig ee garaaf kasta rho iyo qiimaha p ee u dhigma ayaa lagu muujiyay xidhiidhka ka dhexeeya labada doorsoome.

Ururada u dhexeeya A) MTXspeed iyo MoCA; B) MTX sax ah iyo MoCA; C) MTX sax ah iyo MTXspeed. Maadooyinka NC iyo MCI waxa lagu tilmaamay dhibco iyo saddex xagal siday u kala horreeyaan. Geesta hoose ee midig ee garaaf kasta rho iyo qiimaha p ee u dhigma ayaa lagu muujiyay xidhiidhka ka dhexeeya labada doorsoome.[/caption]

Isku xirka polyserial ayaa la xisaabiyay inta u dhaxaysa buundooyinka imtixaanka MemTrax iyo xayndaabka MoCA si loo go'aamiyo xidhiidhka qayb kasta oo leh cabbirada MemTrax. Isku xirka polyserial-ka ayaa lagu muujiyay shaxda 2. Qaybo badan oo MoCA ah ayaa si weyn loola xiriiriyay MTXxawaaraha .  Qaybta "abstraction" waxay muujisay xidhiidhka ugu sarreeya, inkasta oo dhexdhexaad ah, oo leh MTXxawaaraha (r = 0.35, p = 0.002). Qaybaha "magacaabid" iyo "luqada" waxay muujiyeen daciifnimo iyo dhexdhexaadnimo muhiim ah oo lala yeesho MTXxawaaraha (r = 0.29, p = 0.026 iyo r = 0.27, p = 0.012, siday u kala horreeyaan). MTXsax aan si weyn loola xiriirin xayndaabka MoCA, marka laga reebo isku xirnaanta daciifka ah ee bogga "visuospatial" (r = 0.25, p = 0.021).

Shaxda 2

Isku xirka polyserial ee natiijooyinka MTX ee xayndaabka MoCA

MTXxawaaraha MTXsax
r p r p
Visuospatial 0.22 0.046 0.25 0.021
magacyada 0.29 0.026 0.24 0.063
Attention 0.24 0.046 0.09 0.477
Luuqad 0.27 0.012 0.160 0.165
Abstraction 0.35 0.002 0.211 0.079
Xusuuso 0.15 0.159 0.143 0.163
Hirgelinta 0.21 0.156 0.005 0.972

Fiiro gaar ah: Xiriirada muhiimka ah ayaa lagu muujiyay si geesinimo leh.

Dhibcaha MemTrax iyo qiyaasta goynta qiyamka MCI

Si loo go'aamiyo buundooyinka u dhigma ee MemTrax iyo MoCA, buundooyinka MemTrax ee buundooyinka MoCA kasta waa la isku celceliyay iyo dib u noqoshada toosan ayaa la xisaabiyay si loo saadaaliyo cilaaqaadka iyo isla'egyada u dhigma. Natiijooyinka dib-u-celinta tooska ah waxay muujisay in MTXxawaaraha sharaxay 55% ee kala duwanaanshaha MoCA (R2 = 0.55, p = 0.001). Isbedelka MTXsax sharaxay 21% ee kala duwanaanshaha MoCA (R2 = 0.21, p = 0.048). Iyada oo ku saleysan isla'egyada cilaaqaadkan, buundooyinka MoCA u dhigma ayaa loo xisaabiyay buundooyinka MTX, kuwaas oo lagu muujiyay shaxda 3. Iyada oo ku saleysan isla'egyadan, qiimayaasha goynta u dhigma (tusaale, dhibcaha MoCA ee 23 dhibcood) ee MTXxawaaraha iyo MTXsax waa 0.87 s-1 iyo 90%. Intaa waxaa dheer, dib-u-celin toos ah oo badan oo ku saabsan doorsoomayaasha MemTrax ayaa la sameeyay, laakiin doorsoome MTXsax si weyn ugamay qayb qaadan tusaalaha sidaas darteed natiijadii lama muujin.

Shaxda 3

Dhibcaha MoCA ee u dhigma ee loo soo jeediyay buundooyinka MemTrax

MoCA (dhibcaha) U dhigma MTXxawaaraha (s-1)a CI ee saadaasha oo leh MTXxawaaraha (Dhibco) U dhigma MTXsax (%)b CI ee saadaasha oo leh MTXsax (Dhibco)
15 0.55 7 - 23 68 3 - 28
16 0.59 8 - 24 71 5 - 28
17 0.63 10 - 24 73 6 - 28
18 0.67 11 - 25 76 8 - 28
19 0.71 12 - 26 79 9 - 29
20 0.75 13 - 27 82 11 - 29
21 0.79 14 - 28 84 12 - 30
22 0.83 15 - 29 87 13 - 30
23 0.87 16 - 30 90 14 - 30
24 0.91 17 - 30 93 15 - 30
25 0.95 18 - 30 95 16 - 30
26 0.99 19 - 30 98 16 - 30
27 1.03 20 - 30 100 17 - 30
28 1.07 21 - 30 100 17 - 30
29 1.11 21 - 30 100 17 - 30
30 1.15 22 - 30 100 17 - 30

aIsla'egta la isticmaalay: 1.1 + 25.2 *MTXxawaaraha; b Isla'egta la isticmaalay: -9.7 + 0.36 *MTXsax.

Intaa waxaa dheer, qiyamka goynta MTX iyo dareenka u dhigma iyo gaar ahaaneed waxaa lagu go'aamiyay falanqaynta ROC. Qalloocyada ROC ee doorsoomayaasha MemTrax ayaa lagu soo bandhigay sawirka 3. AUCs ee MTXxawaaraha iyo MTXsax waa, siday u kala horreeyaan, 66.7 (CI: 54.9 - 78.4) iyo 66.4% (CI: 54.1 - 78.7). AUC-yada doorsoomayaasha MemTrax ee loo adeegsaday qiimaynta MCI ee ay dejisay MoCA aad uma kala duwana. Jadwalka 4 wuxuu muujinayaa dareenka iyo gaar ahaaneed ee dhibcaha goynta kala duwan ee doorsoomayaasha MemTrax. Dhibcaha goynta ugu wanagsan, kaas oo sare u qaaday wanaagga runta ah iyada oo la yaraynayo wanaagga beenta ah, ee MTXxawaaraha iyo MTXsax wuxuu ahaa 0.91 ¥-1 (dareenka = 48.9% gaar ahaan = 78.4%) iyo 85% (dareenka = 43.2%; gaar ahaan = 93.3%), siday u kala horreeyaan.

Fig.3

ROC qalooca natiijooyinka MTX si loo qiimeeyo MCI ay ku qiimeysay MoCA. Xariiqda dhibicda leh waxay tilmaamaysaa MTXxawaaraha iyo khadka adag ee MTXsax. Xariiqda cawl waxay u taagan tahay xariiqda tixraaca ee 0.5.

imtixaan online ah oo loogu talagalay xasuusta luminta baaritaanada caafimaadka waxaad ku samayn kartaa guriga muhiimada buugaagta baaritaanka caafimaadka maskaxda

ROC qalooca natiijooyinka MTX si loo qiimeeyo MCI ay ku qiimeysay MoCA. Xariiqda dhibicda leh waxay tilmaamaysaa xawaaraha MTX iyo xariiqda adag ee MTX oo saxan. Xariiqda cawl waxay u taagan tahay xariiqda tixraaca ee 0.5.

Shaxda 4

MTXxawaaraha iyo MTXsax dhibcaha goynta iyo gaarnimada iyo dareenka u dhigma

Barta goynta Tp (#) tn (#) Fp (#) Fn (#) Gaar ahaan (%) Dareenka (%)
MTXxawaaraha 1.20 37 1 44 0 2.2 100
1.10 36 7 38 1 15.6 97.3
1.0 33 13 32 4 28.9 89.2
0.90 28 22 23 9 48.9 75.7
0.80 18 34 11 19 75.6 48.6
0.70 9 41 4 28 91.1 24.3
0.60 3 45 0 34 100 8.1
MTXsax 99 36 3 42 1 97.3 6.7
95 31 11 34 6 83.8 24.4
91 23 23 22 14 62.2 51.1
89 20 28 17 17 54.1 62.2
85 16 42 3 21 43.2 93.3
81 8 44 1 29 21.6 97.8
77 3 45 0 34 8.1 100

tp, togan run ah; tn, xumaan run ah; fp, been been ah; fn, been abuur ah.

DHIBAATOOYINKA

Daraasaddan waxaa loo dejiyay in lagu baaro aaladda MemTrax on-line, imtixaan ku saleysan CRT, iyadoo la adeegsanayo MoCA tixraac ahaan. MoCA ayaa la doortay sababtoo ah baaritaankan ayaa hadda si weyn loo isticmaalaa si loogu baadho MCI. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhibcaha goynta ugu fiican ee MoCA si cad looma dejin [28]. Isbarbardhigga cabbirada shakhsi ahaaneed ee MemTrax iyo MoCA waxay muujinayaan in imtixaan fudud, gaaban, oo khadka-line ah uu qaban karo qayb weyn oo ka mid ah kala duwanaanshaha shaqada garashada iyo garashada daciifnimada. Falanqayntan, saameynta ugu xooggan ayaa lagu arkay cabbirka xawaaraha. Cabbirka saxda ah wuxuu muujiyay xiriir hoose oo adag. Natiijooyin muhiim ah ayaa ahaa in wax xiriir ah aan lagu arkin xawaaraha MTX iyo cabbirrada saxda ah, taas oo muujinaysa in doorsoomayaashani ay cabbiraan qaybaha kala duwan ee hoose. shaqada farsamaynta maskaxda. Sidaa darteed, wax calaamad ah oo ka mid ah isbeddelka saxda ah ee ganacsiga lagama helin maadooyinka. Intaa waxaa dheer, laba hab oo kala duwan ayaa la isticmaalay si loo qiyaaso qiimaha goynta ee imtixaanka xusuusta MemTrax si loo ogaado MCI. Hababkani waxay muujiyeen in xawaaraha natiijooyinka iyo saxnaanta, dhibcaha ka hooseeya kala duwanaanta 0.87 - 91 s.-1 iyo 85 - 90% waa calaamad muujinaysa in shakhsiyaadka dhibcaha ka hooseeya mid ka mid ah heerarkaas ay aad ugu dhowdahay inay yeeshaan MCI. "Falanqaynta qiimaha-qiimaynta" waxay tilmaamaysaa meesha ay tahay in qofka lagula taliyo inuu la tashado dhakhtar ku saabsan samaynta baaritaanno badan oo dhamaystiran si loo eego MCI [8-35].

Daraasadda hadda jirta, waxaa la ogaaday in qaybaha "magacaabid", "luqad", iyo "abstraction" oo ay cabbirtay MoCA ay leeyihiin xiriirinta ugu sarreeya ee mid ka mid ah natiijooyinka MemTrax, in kasta oo isku-xirayaashu ay daciif ahaayeen ilaa dhexdhexaad. Tani waxay ka duwan tahay wixii la filayay, maadaama daraasadihii hore ay muujiyeen baaritaanka Imtixaanka Gobolka Maskaxda-yar iyadoo la adeegsanayo Aragtida Jawaabta Shayga, in xayndaabka "xusuusta/xusuusta dib u dhigista" iyo "jihaynta" ay ahaayeen kuwa ugu xasaasisan horraantii AD [12]. Isla sidaas oo kale marxaladda hore cillad la'aanta garashada, waxay u muuqataa in tilmaamayaasha MoCA ee daciifnimada khafiifka ah ee magac-bixinta, luqadda, iyo ka-soo-baxa ay aad ugu nugul yihiin MCI marka loo eego cabbirada xusuusta iyo jihaynta, oo la socota natiijooyinkii hore ee falanqaynta Aragtida Jawaabta Shayga ee MoCA [36]. Intaa waxaa dheer, Qiyaasta MemTrax ee xawaaraha aqoonsiga waxay u muuqataa inay ka tarjumayso naafonimadan hore ka hor xusuusta aqoonsiga sida lagu qiyaaso MTX (taas oo leh saameyn saqafka weyn). Kooxdan xiddigaha Saameyntu waxay soo jeedinaysaa in dhinacyada kakan ee pathology-ga sababa MCI ay ka tarjumayso maskaxda hore isbeddellada kuwaas oo ay adkayd in lagu fahmo hababka neurocognitive ee fudud oo laga yaabo inay dhab ahaantii ka tarjumayaan horumarka neerfaha hoose ee neuropathy [37].

Qodobbada xooggan ee daraasaddan hadda jirta ayaa ah in cabbirka muunadda (n = 82) uu ahaa mid aad ugu filan si loo ogaado xiriirka ka dhexeeya MoCA iyo MTX ee dadkan qadiimiga ah. Sidoo kale, waxaa la qaaday imtixaan tijaabo ah dhammaan maadooyinka oo dhan, si dadka waayeelka ah ee aan u isticmaalin kumbuyuutarka ay fursad u helaan inay la qabsadaan jawiga imtixaanka iyo qalabka. Marka la barbar dhigo MoCA, maadooyinka waxay muujiyeen in MemTrax ay aad u xiiso badan tahay in la sameeyo, halka MoCA ay dareentay in badan oo imtixaan ah. Da'da maaddooyinka iyo madax-bannaanidooda bulshada ayaa ku xaddiday diiradda falanqaynta kooxdan la doortay ee shaqsiyaadka shaqada sare leh, laakiin kooxdan ayaa ka mid ah kuwa ugu adag ee aqoonsiga naafada.

Xusuusnow, in kasta oo loo tixgeliyo imtixaanka baarista caadiga ah, MoCA waa kaliya tijaabo lagu muujinayo joogitaanka suurtagalka ah ee MCI, ma aha qalab lagu ogaanayo ama cabbir dhammaystiran ee cilladda garashada. Marka, si waafaqsan, isbarbardhigga MoCA iyo MTX waa qaraabo, midkoodna waxay u badan tahay inuu qabsaday kala duwanaansho madax bannaan ee aqoonsiga MCI. Sidaa darteed, arrin muhiim ah oo suugaanta ah ayaa ahayd dadaalka lagu qeexayo faa'iidada MoCA [38], ansaxinta [39], sameynta buundooyinka caadiga ah [40], isbarbardhigga qiimeynta garashada kale ee gaaban [41-45] , iyo adeegsigeeda sida qalab baadhiseed oo loogu talagalay MCI [46] (waxaa dib u eegay Carson et al., 2017 [28]), iyo sidoo kale ku habboonaanta nooca elektarooniga ah [47]. Falanqaynta noocan oo kale ah waxay ku lug leedahay baaritaanka dareenka iyo gaar ahaaneed, badanaa iyadoo la adeegsanayo falanqaynta ROC iyada oo la cabbirayo "aagga qalooca ka hooseeya", iyo talada jarista " ogaanshaha ". Si kastaba ha ahaatee, maqnaanshaha hab kasta oo lagu go'aamiyo gabi ahaanba meesha uu qofku ku jiifto joogteynta naafada fudud, oo ay weheliso kala duwanaanshiyaha weyn ee hoose shaqada maskaxdu gacan ka geysanaya daciifnimadaas, dhammaan qalabkan oo kale waxay bixin karaan oo kaliya qiyaas macquul ah. Bixinta isku xidhka u dhexeeya cabbirro kala duwan waxay muujinaysaa kaliya in xaaladda hoose si sax ah wax looga qabto, laakiin xaaladda dhabta ah ee bayooloji si sax ah looguma qeexi karo habkan. In kasta oo falanqaynta heerka sare ay faa'iido u yeelan karto goob bukaan-socod, aasaaska utility noocan oo kale ah wuxuu u baahan yahay tixgelin dheeraad ah afar arrimood: baahsanaanta xaaladda dadka; Qiimaha baaritaanka, kharashka natiijooyinka beenta ah, iyo faa'iidada maadiga ah ee ogaanshaha saxda ah ee dhabta ah [8, 35].

Mid weyn qayb ka mid ah dhibaatada qiimaynta AD iyo garasho xumadeeda la xidhiidha waa inaanay jirin wax dhab ah "marxalado" [48], laakiin halkii ku meel gaar ah horumarka [8, 17, 49]. Farqiga "caadiga ah" ee MCI dhab ahaantii aad ayuu uga adag yahay in la kala saaro mid ka mid ah xaaladahan iyo kuwa fudud. waallida la xiriirta leh AD [50, 51]. Isticmaalka fikradda "Aragtida Tijaabada Casriga ah", arrintu waxay noqonaysaa go'aaminta halka ay ku jirto joogtada ah ee shakhsigu ay u badan tahay inuu ku jiro kala duwanaansho-kalsooni gaar ah, oo la siinayo dhibco imtixaan gaar ah. Si loo gaadho go'aannadan, qiimayno ka saxsan ayaa loo baahan yahay marka loo eego inta badan ee ay bixiyaan imtixaanada garashada ee kooban, laakiin sida ay bixiso MTX. Kordhinta saxnaanta iyo ka saarida eexda goobjoogayaasha ee tijaabinta kombuyuutarku waa tilmaan rajo leh. Sidoo kale, imtixaan kombuyuutar ah, sida MemTrax, wuxuu bixiyaa suurtogalnimada tiro aan xadidnayn oo imtixaano isbarbardhig ah, si weyn u yareynaya kala duwanaanshaha qiyaasta naafanimada. Dheeraad ah, mabda 'ahaan, tijaabinta kombuyuutarku waxay tijaabin kartaa qaar badan oo ka mid ah qaybaha xusuusta la xiriira ee ay saameeyeen AD. Daraasadani isma barbar dhigin MTX iyo imtixaanada kale ee kombuyuutarka ee tirada badan ee la abuuray (fiiri hordhaca), laakiin mid ka mid ah kuwa ilaa hadda la hayo ma isticmaalo habka xoogga leh ee ay bixiso CRT. Horumarinta dheeraadka ah ee tijaabinta kombuyuutarku waa meel muhiim u ah feejignaan iyo taageero dheeraad ah. Ugu dambeyntii, saamaynta tababarka waxaa lagu saleyn karaa falanqaynta.

Waqtigan xaadirka ah, tijaabinta kumbuyuutarka ee khadka tooska ah ma aha hab la aasaasay shaashada waallida, qiimee garaadka daciifka ah, ama samee baadhitaan caafimaad kasta. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, awoodda iyo kartida habkan, gaar ahaan isticmaalka CRT, si loo qiimeeyo xusuusta xilliga gaaban (waqtiga gaaban), waa mid aad u weyn waxayna u badan tahay inay muhiim u tahay codsiyada mustaqbalka ee qiimeynta garashada, oo ay ku jiraan baarista waallida iyo qiimaynta, la socodka jahawareerka qalliinka kadib, samaynta awooda maskaxeed ee go'aan samaynta, ogaanshaha cilladaha miyir-qabka kadib, iyo qiyaasida daciifnimada suurtagalka ah ee badbaadada darawalnimada. Daraasaddan, waxaa lagu muujiyay in MemTrax ay qabsan karto qayb weyn oo ka mid ah kala duwanaanshaha garashada garashada. Intaa waxaa dheer, qiimaha goynta ayaa loo soo bandhigay doorsoomayaasha MTX kuwaas oo la mid ah dhibcaha goynta MoCA ee MCI. Cilmi-baarista mustaqbalka, waxaa la soo jeediyay in la baaro dad badan, oo si cad loo qeexay si MemTrax loo sameeyo qalab baarista MCI. Dadka noocaan ah waa in lagu daraa muunado caafimaad oo arrimaha ogaanshaha lagu qeexi karo sida saxda ah ee suurtogalka ah iyo maaddooyinka la raaci karo waqti ka dib MTX iyo tijaabooyin kale oo garasho. Falanqaynta noocan oo kale ah waxay go'aamin kartaa kala duwanaanshaha hababka hoos u dhaca garashada, ee la xidhiidha gabowga caadiga ah iyo xaaladaha kala duwan ee cudurada. Markay imtixaanada iyo diwaangelinta kombuyuutarku horumarayaan, macluumaad badan oo ku saabsan heerarka caafimaadka ayaa diyaar noqon doona oo shaki la'aan u horseedi doona horumar weyn oo xagga daryeelka caafimaadka ah waxaana rajeyneynaa in la wajaho ka hortagga xaaladaha sida AD.

Mahadnaq

Waxaan jeclaan lahayn inaan u mahadcelino Anne van der Heijden, Hanneke Rasing, Esther Sinnema, iyo Melinda Lodders shaqadooda daraasaddan. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaan jeclaan lahayn inaan u mahadcelino MemTrax, LLC si ay u bixiso noocyo buuxa oo bilaash ah ee imtixaanka MemTrax. Shaqadani waa qayb ka mid ah barnaamij cilmi-baadhiseed, kaas oo ay maalgeliso Gobolka Fryslân (01120657), Nederlaan iyo Alfasigma Nederland BV (ka qaybqaadashada tooska ah ee lambarka deeqda 01120657). La daabacay: 12 Febraayo 2019

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Erayada furaha: Cudurka Alzheimers, hawl qabad joogto ah, waallida, waayeelka, xusuusta, daciifnimo garasho fudud, baadhis

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