ʻO ka hoʻāʻo MemTrax i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka Montreal Cognitive Assessment Estimation of Mild Cognitive Impairment
ʻAno ʻatikala: MemTrax Research Paukū
Nā mea kākau: van der Hoek, Marjanne D. | Nieuwenhuizen, Arie | Keijer, Jaap | Ashford, J. Wesson
Nā pilina: Ke Kulanuiʻo Stanford, Stanford, CA, USA - Keʻena o ka Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Applied Research Center Food and Dairy, Van Hall Larenstein University of Applied Sciences, Leeuwarden, Netherlands | ʻO ke kino kanaka a me nā holoholona, ke Kulanui o Wageningen, Wageningen, Netherlands | Ke Keʻena Hoʻonaʻauao ʻO nā maʻi a me nā pōʻino pili i ke kaua, VA Palo Alto HCS, Palo Alto, CA, USA
DOI: 10.3233/JAD-181003
Nupepa: Journal of ʻO ka maʻi o Alzheimer, vol. 67, no. 3, pp. 1045-1054, 2019
Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo
ʻO ka hemahema o ka naʻau ke kumu nui o ka hana ʻino i ka poʻe ʻelemakule. I ka manawa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa noʻonoʻo (MCI) hiki i ka poʻe ʻelemakule, ʻo ia ka maʻi prodromal i ka dementia. ʻO ka Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) kahi mea hana maʻamau e nānā ai no ka MCI. Eia nō naʻe, pono kēia hoʻāʻo i ka hoʻokele alo a he alo a ua haku ʻia me nā ʻano nīnau i hui pū ʻia nā pane e ka mea helu e hāʻawi i kahi helu i hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻia ka manaʻo pololei. Ua hoʻolālā ʻia kēia haʻawina e loiloi i ka hana o kahi kamepiula hoʻāʻo hoʻomanaʻo (MemTrax), kahi hoʻololi o kahi hana hoʻomaopopo mau, e pili ana i ka MoCA. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā ana hopena ʻelua mai ka Hoʻāʻo MemTrax: MemTraxspeed a me MemTraxcorrect. Hāʻawi ʻia nā kumuhana i ka MoCA a me ka ʻO ka hoʻāʻo MemTrax. Ma muli o nā hopena o ka MoCA, ua māhele ʻia nā kumuhana i ʻelua mau pūʻulu o ke kūlana cognitive: cognition maʻamau (n = 45) a me MCI (n = 37). He haʻahaʻa loa nā helu MemTrax ma ka MCI ma mua o ka hui cognition maʻamau. Hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻia nā hopena hopena MemTrax āpau me ka MoCA. ʻElua ala, e helu ana i ka awelika Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka helu MemTrax a me ka regression linear e koho i nā koina oki o ka hoʻāʻo MemTrax e ʻike i ka MCI. Ua hōʻike kēia mau ʻano hana no ka hopena MemTraxka mämä holo he helu ma lalo o ka laulā o 0.87 – 91 s-1 he hōʻailona o MCI, a no ka hopena MemTraxpololei he helu ma lalo o ka laulā o 85 - 90% he hōʻailona ia no MCI.
Introduction
ʻO ka heluna kanaka o ka honua holoʻokoʻa, alakaʻi ʻia e ʻEulopa, ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, a me ʻĀsia ʻĀkau, ke ʻelemakule nei, e hoʻonui wikiwiki ana i ka hapa o ka poʻe ʻelemakule. Me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka makahiki, aia kahi holomua holomua, piʻi nui o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka naʻau cognitive, dementia, a me Alzheimer ka maʻi (AD), ke alakaʻi nei i ka piʻi nui o ka poʻe me kēia mau kūlana. Hōʻike mua a ʻo ka ʻike ʻana i nā maʻi noʻonoʻo hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka mālama maʻi, hoʻemi i nā kumukūʻai mālama ola, a hiki ke kōkua i ka hoʻopaneʻe ʻana i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā hōʻailona koʻikoʻi, no laila hiki ke kōkua i ka hoʻomāmā i ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana o ka dementia a me AD. No laila, pono nā mea hana maikaʻi e nānā i ka hana cognitive i ka poʻe ʻelemakule.
No ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā loiloi lapaʻau o nā hana noʻonoʻo a me nā ʻano hana o ka poʻe ʻelemakule, ua hoʻomohala nā kauka a me nā mea noiʻi i nā haneli o ka nānā ʻana a me nā mea hana loiloi pōkole, a ua hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau hoʻokolohua. ʻO kekahi o nā mea hana maʻamau i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia no ka loiloi lapaʻau o ka hōʻino cognitive haʻahaʻa (MCI) i nā pae kula ʻo ia ka Ka ʻIlikia Kognitive Montreal (MoCA).
Hoʻoponopono ka MoCA i ʻehiku mau hana noʻonoʻo: hoʻokō, inoa, nānā, ʻōlelo, abstraction, hoʻomanaʻo / hoʻopaʻa i ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana, a me ke ʻano. Ua ʻike mua ʻia ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana o ka hoʻomanaʻo / hoʻopaneʻe ʻana o ka MoCA ma ke ʻano he mea koʻikoʻi loa i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka Alzheimer-type cognitive impairments, kahi i alakaʻi ai i ka manaʻo ʻo ka hoʻomanaʻo hoʻomanaʻo ʻana ke kumu kumu i hoʻouka ʻia e ka AD neuropathological process. No laila, i loko o kahi lāʻau lapaʻau no ka loiloi ʻana i nā hemahema o ka naʻau e pili ana me AD, ʻo ka hoʻomanaʻo ke kumu koʻikoʻi e noʻonoʻo ai, aʻo nā pilikia ʻē aʻe, e like me ka aphasia, apraxia, agnosia, a me ka hana hoʻokō, ʻoiai e hoʻopilikia pinepine ʻia e AD, pili paha. i ka hana ʻole o nā mīkini hoʻomanaʻo hoʻomanaʻo neuroplastic i nā ʻāpana neocortical kākoʻo.
ʻOiai ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ka MoCA no ka loiloi ʻana i ka MCI, ua hana ʻia ka hoʻokele ʻana o ka MoCA he alo a he alo, ʻo ia ka manawa e hoʻopau ai a koi aku i kahi hālāwai lapaʻau a no laila pono ke kumu kūʻai nui no kēlā me kēia lawelawe. I ka wā o ka loiloi, ʻo ka manawa i koi ʻia e hoʻokō i kahi hoʻokolohua e hoʻonui i ka pololei o ka loiloi, no laila pono e noʻonoʻo nā mea e hiki mai ana i kēia pilina e hoʻomohala i nā hoʻokolohua ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.
ʻO kahi pilikia koʻikoʻi ma kēia wahi ʻo ia ke koi no ka loiloi cognitive i ka manawa. ʻO ka loiloi o nā loli i ka manawa mea nui no ka ike ana a me ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka holomua o ka hōʻino ʻana, ka maikaʻi o ka mālama ʻana, a me ka loiloi ʻana i nā hana noiʻi therapeutic. ʻAʻole kūpono a hoʻolālā ʻia ka hapa nui o ia mau mea paahana no nā pae kiʻekiʻe o ka pololei a ʻaʻole hiki ke maʻalahi i ka lawelawe pinepine ʻana. ʻO ka hoʻonā no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka loiloi cognitive ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka computerization, akā ʻo ka hapa nui o ia mau hana i hāʻawi liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka computerization o nā hoʻokolohua neuropsychological maʻamau, a ʻaʻole i kūkulu ʻia e hoʻoponopono pono i nā pilikia koʻikoʻi o ka loiloi cognitive pono e hoʻomaopopo mua. dementia a me kona holomua. No laila, pono e hoʻopili kamepiula ʻia nā mea hana loiloi noʻonoʻo hou a ma muli o kahi kumu palena ʻole o nā hoʻokolohua like ʻole, ʻaʻole i kaupalena ʻia e ka ʻōlelo a i ʻole ka moʻomeheu, e hāʻawi ana i nā pae o ka pololei, pololei, a me ka hilinaʻi hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia. Eia kekahi, pono e leʻaleʻa ia mau hoʻokolohua, no laila e manaʻo ʻia ka hoʻāʻo hou ʻana he mea maikaʻi ma mua o ka ʻike paʻakikī. ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻana ma ka laina, ke hāʻawi nei i ka hiki ke hoʻokō i kēia pono, ʻoiai e hāʻawi ana i ka hōʻiliʻili wikiwiki a me ka nānā ʻana i nā ʻikepili, a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā pane koke i nā poʻe e komo ana, nā kauka, a me nā mea noiʻi.
Ua hoʻolālā ʻia ka haʻawina o kēia manawa e loiloi i ka pono o ka hoʻololi ʻana ma ka laina o kahi hana hoʻomaopopo mau (CRT) paradigm, no ka loiloi ʻana i ka hana cognitive i loko o kahi heluna o nā poʻe noho kaiāulu i ʻike ʻole ʻia he dementia. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka paradigm CRT ma ke kula nā haʻawina o ka hoʻomanaʻo nā mīkini. Ua hoʻokō mua ʻia ke ʻano CRT ma ke ʻano he mea hana hōʻikeʻike e hāʻawi ana i ka ʻikepili i nā poʻe hoihoi pilikia hoʻomanaʻo. Ma hope mai, ua hoʻokō ʻia kēia hoʻokolohua ma ka pūnaewele e kahi hui Farani (HAPPYneuron, Inc.); na kahi hui US-based, MemTrax, LLC (http://www.memtrax.com); na ka lolo Health Hoʻokumu ʻia ka Registry e Dr. Michael Weiner, UCSF, a me kāna hui e kākoʻo i ka hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻana no nā haʻawina o ka naʻau ʻino; a e kekahi hui Kina SJN Biomed, LTD). ʻO kēia ho'āʻo, mai Iune 2018, ua loaʻa i ka ʻikepili mai nā mea hoʻohana 200,000, a aia ia i nā hoʻokolohua ma kekahi mau ʻāina.
Ma ka haʻawina i kēia manawa, ua lawelawe ʻia ka MemTrax (MTX), kahi hoʻāʻo CRT-based, i hui pū me ka MoCA i kahi poʻe ʻelemakule e noho kūʻokoʻa ana ma ka ʻākau o Netherlands. ʻO ka pahuhopu o kēia haʻawina ʻo ia ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka pilina ma waena o ka hana ma kēia hoʻokō o ka CRT a me ka MoCA. ʻO ka nīnau inā paha he pono ka MTX no ka helu ʻana i nā hana cognitive i loiloi ʻia e ka MoCA, hiki ke hōʻike i ka hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia.
NĀ MEI A ME NĀ MANAʻO
Ka poʻe heluhelu
Ma waena o ʻOkakopa 2015 a me Mei 2016, ua hana ʻia kahi noiʻi cross-sectional ma waena o nā poʻe ʻelemakule e noho ana i ke kaiāulu ma ka ʻākau o Netherlands. Ua kiʻi ʻia nā kumuhana (≥75y) ma o ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā lele a i ka wā o nā hui hui i hoʻonohonoho ʻia no ka poʻe ʻelemakule. Ua kipa ʻia nā kumuhana kūpono ma ka home e nānā i nā pae hoʻohui a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana ma mua o ko lākou kau inoa ʻana i kēia haʻawina. ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia nā poʻe i loaʻa i ka dementia (i hōʻike ponoʻī iā lākou iho) a i ʻole ka poʻe i hōʻeha nui i ka ʻike a i ʻole ka lohe ʻana e hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻokele ʻana i nā hoʻokolohua cognitive e komo i kēia haʻawina. Eia kekahi, pono nā kumuhana e ʻōlelo a hoʻomaopopo i ka ʻōlelo Dutch a ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻole. Ua hana ʻia ke aʻo ʻana e like me ka ʻōlelo Helsinki o 1975 a ua kau inoa nā mea komo a pau i kahi ʻae ʻae i ka ʻae palapala ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka wehewehe kikoʻī o ka haʻawina.
Kaʻina hana aʻo
Ma hope o ke kau inoa ʻana i ke aʻo ʻana, ua lawelawe ʻia kahi nīnau nīnau maʻamau, e pili ana i nā nīnau e pili ana i nā kumu demographic, e like me nā makahiki a me nā makahiki o ka hoʻonaʻauao ʻana (e hoʻomaka ana i ke kula mua), ka mōʻaukala olakino, a me ka inu ʻona. Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka nīnau nīnau, ua lawelawe ʻia nā hoʻāʻo ʻo MoCA a me MTX ma ke ʻano maʻamau.
MemTrax - Kikowaena Lapaau Noi
Ma ke ʻano he lokomaikaʻi o MemTrax, LLC (Redwood City, CA, USA), ua hāʻawi ʻia nā mana piha manuahi o ka hoʻokolohua MTX. Ma kēia hoʻāʻo ʻana, hōʻike ʻia ke ʻano o nā kiʻi 50 a hiki i ʻekolu kekona i kēlā me kēia. Ke ʻike ʻia kahi kiʻi i hoʻopaʻa hou ʻia (25/50), ua aʻo ʻia nā kumuhana e pane koke i ke kiʻi i hana ʻia ma ke kaomi ʻana i ka spacebar (i hōʻike ʻia e kahi lipine ʻulaʻula). I ka pane ʻana o ke kumuhana i kahi kiʻi, hōʻike koke ʻia ke kiʻi aʻe. Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka hoʻāʻo, hōʻike ka papahana i ka pākēneka o nā pane pololei (MTXpololei) a me ka awelika o ka manawa pane i kekona no nā kiʻi hou, e hōʻike ana i ka manawa e pono ai ke kaomi ʻana i ka spacebar i ka wā e ʻike ai i kahi kiʻi hou. No ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā ana o kēia mau ana ʻelua, ua hoʻololi ʻia ka manawa pane i ka wikiwiki pane (MTXka mämä holo) ma ka puunaue ana i ka 1 me ka manawa pane (ie, 1/MTXmanawa pane). Ua mālama ʻia ka mōʻaukala hoʻāʻo o kēlā me kēia helu MemTrax a me ko lākou ʻoiaʻiʻo ma ka pūnaewele i loko o ka waihona hoʻāʻo. Ua nānā ʻia ka pono o nā hoʻokolohua a pau, e koi ana i 5 a ʻoi aʻe paha nā pane kūpono wahaheʻe, 10 a ʻoi aku ka ʻike pololei, a me ka awelika o ka manawa ʻike ma waena o 0.4 a me 2 kekona, a ʻo nā hoʻokolohua kūpono wale nō i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka loiloi.
Ma mua o ka lawelawe ʻia ʻana o ka hoʻāʻo MTX maoli, ua wehewehe ʻia ka hoʻāʻo a hāʻawi ʻia kahi hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā kumuhana. ʻAʻole wale kēia i ka hoʻāʻo ponoʻī, akā ʻo ke aʻo ʻana a me nā ʻaoʻao helu i lalo e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka mea komo i ka hoʻolālā o ka pūnaewele a me nā hana mua e pono ai, ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻāʻo. No ka pale ʻana i nā kiʻi i ka wā o ka hoʻāʻo maoli, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā kiʻi ʻaʻole i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka waihona MemTrax no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa hoʻomaʻamaʻa.
ʻO ka loiloi cognitive ʻo Montreal hoʻopololei
Ua loaʻa ka ʻae mai ka MoCA Institute & Clinique (Quebec, Canada) e hoʻohana i ka MoCA no kēia noiʻi. Loaʻa ka Dutch MoCA i ʻekolu mau mana, i hāʻawi wale ʻia i nā kumuhana. ʻO ka helu MoCA ka huina o ka hana ma kēlā me kēia kikowaena cognitive kaʻawale i loiloi ʻia a loaʻa ka helu kiʻekiʻe o 30 mau helu. E like me ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo, ua hoʻohui ʻia kahi helu hou inā he ≤12 mau makahiki o ka hoʻonaʻauao ʻana o ka mea komo (inā <30 mau helu). Ua hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo hoʻokolohua ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi i ka wā o ka hoʻokele ʻana i nā hoʻokolohua. Ua mālama ʻia nā hoʻokolohua e ʻekolu mau mea noiʻi i aʻo ʻia a ʻo ka hoʻokele ʻana i hoʻokahi hoʻokolohua ma kahi o 10 a 15 min.
ʻIkepili ʻikepili MemTrax
Ma muli o nā hopena o ka MoCA, i hoʻoponoponoʻia no ka hoʻonaʻauaoʻana, ua māheleʻia nā kumuhana iʻelua pūʻulu o ke kūlana noʻonoʻo: kaʻike maʻamau (NC) versus mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka helu MoCA o 23 ma ke ʻano he ʻoki no ka MCI (nā helu o 22 a ma lalo i manaʻo ʻia he MCI), no ka mea, ua hōʻike ʻia ua hōʻike ʻia kēia helu i ka holoʻokoʻa 'ka pololei diagnostic maikaʻi loa ma waena o nā ʻāpana āpau" i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka helu i ʻōlelo mua ʻia. 26 a i ʻole nā waiwai o 24 a i ʻole 25. No nā loiloi āpau, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka helu MoCA i hoʻoponopono ʻia e like me ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana o kēia helu i nā hoʻonohonoho lāʻau.
Hāʻawi ka hōʻike MTX i ʻelua mau hopena, ʻo ia hoʻi MTXmanawa pane, i hoʻololi ʻia i MTXka mämä holo na 1/MTXmanawa pane, a me MTXpololei.
Ua hana ʻia nā ʻikepili helu me ka hoʻohana ʻana iā R (version 1.0.143, Rstudio Team, 2016). Ua nānā ʻia ke ʻano maʻamau no nā ʻano like ʻole e ka hoʻāʻo ʻo Shapiro-Wilk. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā ʻano like ʻole o ka heluna kanaka noiʻi holoʻokoʻa, a me nā hui NC a me MCI ma ke ʻano he mean ± standard deviation (SD), median and interquartile range (IQR) a i ʻole ka helu a me ka pākēneka. Ua hana ʻia nā hoʻāʻo T-ākea kūʻokoʻa a me ka Wilcoxon Sum Rank no nā ʻano hoʻololi mau a me nā hoʻāʻo Chi-squared no nā mea hoʻololi categorical i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā ʻano o ka hui NC a me MCI. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻāʻo Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric e hoʻoholo inā pili nā mana ʻekolu o ka MoCA a me nā luna ʻekolu i nā hopena MoCA. Eia hou, ua hana ʻia kahi hoʻāʻo T-kūʻokoʻa a i ʻole Wilcoxon Sum Rank e hoʻoholo ai inā i hoʻololi ke kauoha o ka hoʻokele ʻana o ka MoCA a me MTX i nā hopena hōʻike (e laʻa, ka helu MoCA, MTX.pololei, a me MTXka mämä holo). Hana ʻia kēia ma ka hoʻoholo ʻana inā ʻokoʻa nā helu mean no nā kumuhana i loaʻa mua ka MoCA a laila ka MemTrax a i ʻole i loaʻa mua ka MTX a laila ka MoCA.
Hoʻohui kolepa ua helu ʻia nā hoʻokolohua e loiloi i ka pilina ma waena o MTX a me MoCA a ma waena o MemTrax ʻelua nā hopena hoʻāʻo, e laʻa, MTXspeed a me MTXcorrect. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka helu ʻana i ka nui o ka laʻana no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o Pearson correlation hoʻokahi huelo (mana = 80 %, α = 0.05), me ka manaʻo o ka nui o ka hopena waena (r = 0.3), pono ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o n = 67. Ua helu ʻia nā hoʻokolohua polyserial correlation e loiloi i ka pilina ma waena o nā hopena hōʻike MTX a me nā kāʻei MoCA ʻokoʻa me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pōʻai psych ma R.
Ua helu ʻia ka helu MoCA like no nā helu MemTrax i hāʻawi ʻia ma ka helu ʻana i ka awelika helu MemTrax no kēlā me kēia helu MoCA hiki a ua hana ʻia ka regression linear e koho i nā hoʻohālikelike e pili ana i kēia mau ana. Eia kekahi, no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā koina ʻoki ʻia o ka hoʻāʻo MemTrax no MCI i ana ʻia e MoCA, a me nā koina pili a me nā kikoʻī kikoʻī, ua hana ʻia kahi loiloi Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pūʻolo pROC ma R. Non-parametric stratified bootstrapping (n). = 2000) ua hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻohālikelike i ka wahi ma lalo o nā pihi (AUCs) a me nā wā hilinaʻi kūpono. Ua helu ʻia ka helu ʻoki ʻoki maikaʻi loa me ke ʻano Youden, kahi e hoʻonui ai i nā hopena ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻoiai e hōʻemi ana i nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole.
No nā ʻikepili helu a pau, ua manaʻo ʻia ka p-waiwai ʻelua ʻaoʻao o <0.05 ma ke ʻano he paepae no ke koʻikoʻi helu helu, koe wale no ka nānā ʻana e loiloi i ka pilina ma waena o MTX a me MoCA (ʻo ia hoʻi, ka hoʻopili ʻana a me ka regression linear maʻalahi) no ka hoʻokahi- ʻaoʻao p-waiwai o <0.05 i manaʻo ʻia he mea nui.
ʻO ka hopena MemTrax
Nā Kaupapa
ʻO ka huina, 101 mau kumuhana i komo i loko o kēia haʻawina. Ua kāpae ʻia nā ʻikepili o nā kānaka 19 mai ka nānā ʻana, no ka mea, ʻaʻole i mālama ʻia nā hopena hōʻike MemTrax mai nā kumuhana 12 e ka papahana, 6 mau kumuhana i kūpono ʻole nā hopena hoʻokolohua MemTrax, a ua loaʻa i hoʻokahi kumuhana ka helu MoCA o 8 mau helu, e hōʻike ana i ka pōʻino o ka naʻau. he kumu hoʻokaʻawale. No laila, ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻikepili mai nā kumuhana 82 i ka nānā ʻana. ʻAʻole i ʻike ʻia nā ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi o nā hopena hoʻokolohua MoCA ma waena o nā mana like ʻole o ka MoCA a ma waena o nā luna hoʻomalu. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻohe hopena koʻikoʻi o ke kauoha o ka hoʻokele hoʻāʻo i kekahi o nā helu hōʻike (MoCA, MTXka mämä holo, MTXpololei). Ma muli o nā hopena ho'āʻo MoCA, ua hoʻonoho ʻia nā kumuhana i ka hui NC a i ʻole MCI (e laʻa, MoCA ≥ 23 a i ʻole MoCA <23, kēlā me kēia). Hōʻike ʻia nā ʻano kumuhana no ka heluna kanaka aʻo, a me nā hui NC a me MCI i ka Papa 1. ʻAʻohe ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi ma waena o nā pūʻulu, koe wale nā helu median MoCA (25 (IQR: 23 – 26) versus 21 (IQR: 19 – 22 ) nā kiko, Z = -7.7, p <0.001).
Papa 1
Nā ʻano kumuhana
| Huina kanaka haʻawina (n = 82) | NC (n = 45) | MCI (n = 37) | p | |
| makahiki (y) | 83.5 ± 5.2 | 82.6 ± 4.9 | 84.7 ± 5.4 | 0.074 |
| Wahine, No. (%) | 55 (67) | 27 (60) | 28 (76) | 0.133 |
| Hoʻonaʻauao (y) | 10.0 (8.0 - 13.0) | 11.0 (8.0 - 14.0) | 10.0 (8.0 - 12.0) | 0.216 |
| Ka inu ʻona (# aniani/wiki) | 0 (0 - 4) | 0 (0 - 3) | 0 (0 - 5) | 0.900 |
| Helu MoCA (# helu) | 23 (21 - 25) | 25 (23 - 26) | 21 (19 - 22) | pono |
Hōʻike ʻia nā waiwai ma ke ʻano he mean ± sd, median (IQR) a i ʻole ka helu me ka pākēneka.
Ana ʻia ke kūlana cognitive e MemTrax
Ua ana ʻia ke kūlana cognitive e ka hoʻāʻo MTX. Hōʻike ka helu 1 i nā hopena o ka hoao hoao nā hopena o nā kumuhana NC a me MCI. ʻO ka nui o nā helu MTX (e laʻa, MTXka mämä holo a me MTXpololei) ua ʻokoʻa loa ma waena o nā hui ʻelua. Nā kumuhana NC (0.916 ± 0.152 s-1) ua ʻoi aku ka nui o ka wikiwiki o ka hopena i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā kumuhana MCI (0.816 ± 0.146 s-1); t(80) = 3.01, p = 0.003) (Fig. 1A). Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā kumuhana NC ma ka MTXpololei loli ma mua o nā kumuhana MCI (91.2 ± 5.0% me 87.0 ± 7.7% pākahi; tw (59) = 2.89, p = 0.005) (Fig. 1B).
Fig.1
Nā pahu pahu o nā hopena hoʻokolohua MTX no nā hui NC a me MCI. A) MTXka mämä holo hopena hōʻike a me B) MTXpololei hopena hoao. He haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loa nā ʻano hopena ʻelua o nā hoʻokolohua MTX i ka hui MCI i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me NC. Hōʻike ke kala ʻeleʻele hina i nā kumuhana NC, akā ʻo ke kala hina hina e hōʻike ana i nā kumuhana MCI.
Nā pahu pahu o nā hopena hoʻokolohua MTX no nā hui NC a me MCI. A) MTXspeed hopena ho'āʻo a me B) MTXcorrect hopena hōʻike. He haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loa nā ʻano hopena ʻelua o nā hoʻokolohua MemTrax i ka hui MCI i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me NC. Hōʻike ke kala ʻeleʻele hina i nā kumuhana NC, akā ʻo ke kala hina hina e hōʻike ana i nā kumuhana MCI.
Ka pilina ma waena o MemTrax a me MOCA
Hōʻike ʻia nā hui ma waena o nā helu hoʻāʻo MTX a me MoCA ma ka Fig. 2. Ua pili maikaʻi nā ʻano MTX ʻelua me ka MoCA. MTXka mämä holo a ua hōʻike ʻo MoCA i kahi pilina koʻikoʻi o r = 0.39 (p = 0.000), a me ka pilina ma waena o MTXpololei a ʻo MoCA he r = 0.31 (p = 0.005). ʻAʻohe hui ma waena o MTXka mämä holo a me MTXpololei.
Fig.2
Nā hui ma waena o A) MTXka mämä holo a me MoCA; B) MTXpololei a me MoCA; C) MTXpololei a me MTXka mämä holo. Hōʻike ʻia nā kumuhana NC a me MCI me nā kiko a me nā huinakolu. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o lalo o kēlā me kēia pakuhi, hōʻike ʻia ka rho a me ka waiwai p pili i ka pilina ma waena o nā mea hoʻololi ʻelua.
Nā hui ma waena o A) MTXspeed a me MoCA; B) MTXcorrect a me MoCA; C) MTX pololei a me MTXspeed. Hōʻike ʻia nā kumuhana NC a me MCI me nā kiko a me nā huinakolu. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o lalo o kēlā me kēia pakuhi, hōʻike ʻia ka rho a me ka waiwai p pili i ka pilina ma waena o nā mea hoʻololi ʻelua.
Nā hui ma waena o A) MTXspeed a me MoCA; B) MTXcorrect a me MoCA; C) MTX pololei a me MTXspeed. Hōʻike ʻia nā kumuhana NC a me MCI me nā kiko a me nā huinakolu. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o lalo o kēlā me kēia pakuhi, hōʻike ʻia ka rho a me ka waiwai p e pili ana i ka pilina ma waena o nā mea hoʻololi ʻelua.[/caption]
Ua helu ʻia nā correlations polyserial ma waena o nā helu hoʻāʻo MemTrax a me nā kāʻei MoCA e hoʻoholo ai i ka hui ʻana o kēlā me kēia kikowaena me nā metric MemTrax. Hōʻike ʻia nā correlations polyserial ma ka Papa 2. Ua hoʻopili nui ʻia nā kikowaena lehulehu o ka MoCA me MTX.māmā holo . Ua hōʻike ka domain "abstraction" i ka pilina kiʻekiʻe loa, ʻoiai he haʻahaʻa, me MTXka mämä holo (r = 0.35, p = 0.002). Ua hōʻike nā kāʻei kapu "inoa" a me ka "'ōlelo" i kahi hui koʻikoʻi nāwaliwali me MTXka mämä holo (r = 0.29, p = 0.026 a me r = 0.27, p = 0.012). MTXpololei ʻaʻole i pili nui ʻia i nā kāʻei MoCA, koe wale nō ka pilina nāwaliwali me ka domain "visuospatial" (r = 0.25, p = 0.021).
Papa 2
Hoʻopili polyserial o nā hopena hoʻāʻo MTX me nā kāʻei kapu MoCA
| MTXka mämä holo | MTXpololei | |||
| r | p | r | p | |
| Visuospatial | 0.22 | 0.046 | 0.25 | 0.021 |
| Kapa inoa | 0.29 | 0.026 | 0.24 | 0.063 |
| noonoo | 0.24 | 0.046 | 0.09 | 0.477 |
| 'ōlelo | 0.27 | 0.012 | 0.160 | 0.165 |
| ʻAukake | 0.35 | 0.002 | 0.211 | 0.079 |
| Hoʻomanaʻo | 0.15 | 0.159 | 0.143 | 0.163 |
| Ke kuhikuhi | 0.21 | 0.156 | 0.005 | 0.972 |
Nānā: Hōʻike ʻia nā pilina koʻikoʻi ma ke ʻano wiwo ʻole.
Nā helu MemTrax a me nā waiwai ʻoki i manaʻo ʻia no MCI
No ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā helu kūpono o MemTrax a me MoCA, ua helu ʻia nā helu MemTrax o kēlā me kēia helu MoCA a ua helu ʻia ka regression linear e wānana i nā pilina a me nā hoʻohālikelike pili. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hopena o ka regression linear i ka MTXka mämä holo wehewehe ʻo 55% o ka ʻokoʻa ma MoCA (R2 = 0.55, p = 0.001). ʻO ka hoʻololi MTXpololei wehewehe ʻo 21% o ka ʻokoʻa ma MoCA (R2 = 0.21, p = 0.048). Ma muli o nā hoʻohālikelike o kēia mau pilina, ua helu ʻia nā helu MoCA like no nā helu MTX i hāʻawi ʻia, i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Papa 3. Ma muli o kēia mau hoohalike, nā koina oki e pili ana (e like me ka helu MoCA o 23 mau helu) no MTXka mämä holo a me MTXpololei he 0.87 s-1 a me 90%. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻokō ʻia ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ka laina ma luna o nā mea hoʻololi MemTrax ʻelua, akā ʻo ka MTX variablepololei ʻaʻole i hāʻawi nui i ke kumu hoʻohālike a no laila ʻaʻole i hōʻike ʻia nā hopena.
Papa 3
Manaʻo ʻia ka helu MoCA like no nā helu MemTrax i hāʻawi ʻia
| MoCA (nā helu) | MTX likeka mämä holo (s-1)a | CI o ka wanana me MTXka mämä holo (helu) | MTX likepololei (%)b | CI o ka wanana me MTXpololei (helu) |
| 15 | 0.55 | 7 - 23 | 68 | 3 - 28 |
| 16 | 0.59 | 8 - 24 | 71 | 5 - 28 |
| 17 | 0.63 | 10 - 24 | 73 | 6 - 28 |
| 18 | 0.67 | 11 - 25 | 76 | 8 - 28 |
| 19 | 0.71 | 12 - 26 | 79 | 9 - 29 |
| 20 | 0.75 | 13 - 27 | 82 | 11 - 29 |
| 21 | 0.79 | 14 - 28 | 84 | 12 - 30 |
| 22 | 0.83 | 15 - 29 | 87 | 13 - 30 |
| 23 | 0.87 | 16 - 30 | 90 | 14 - 30 |
| 24 | 0.91 | 17 - 30 | 93 | 15 - 30 |
| 25 | 0.95 | 18 - 30 | 95 | 16 - 30 |
| 26 | 0.99 | 19 - 30 | 98 | 16 - 30 |
| 27 | 1.03 | 20 - 30 | 100 | 17 - 30 |
| 28 | 1.07 | 21 - 30 | 100 | 17 - 30 |
| 29 | 1.11 | 21 - 30 | 100 | 17 - 30 |
| 30 | 1.15 | 22 - 30 | 100 | 17 - 30 |
aHoʻohana like: 1.1 + 25.2 *MTXka mämä holo; b Ka hoohalike ana: –9.7 + 0.36 *MTXpololei.
Eia kekahi, ua hoʻoholo ʻia nā waiwai ʻokiʻoki MTX a me ka naʻau like a me ka kikoʻī ma o kahi loiloi ROC. Hōʻike ʻia nā ʻōkuhi ROC o nā mea hoʻololi MemTrax ma ke kiʻi 3. ʻO nā AUC no MTXka mämä holo a me MTXpololei he 66.7 (CI: 54.9 – 78.4) a me 66.4% (CI: 54.1 – 78.7). ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa loa nā AUC o nā hoʻololi MemTrax i hoʻohana ʻia e loiloi i ka MCI i hoʻokumu ʻia e MoCA. Hōʻike ka papa 4 i ka naʻau a me ka kikoʻī o nā ʻoki ʻoki like ʻole o nā mea hoʻololi MemTrax. ʻO nā helu ʻoki ʻoki maikaʻi loa, ka mea i hoʻonui i ka maikaʻi ʻoiaʻiʻo me ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole, no MTXka mämä holo a me MTXpololei he 0.91 s-1 (ʻike = 48.9% kikoʻī = 78.4%) a me 85% (ʻike = 43.2%; kikoʻī = 93.3%).
Fig.3
ʻO nā pihi ROC o nā hopena hōʻike MTX e loiloi i ka MCI i helu ʻia e MoCA. Hōʻike ka laina kiko i ka MTXka mämä holo a me ka laina paʻa MTXpololei. Hōʻike ka laina hina i ka laina kuhikuhi o 0.5.
ʻO nā pihi ROC o nā hopena hōʻike MTX e loiloi i ka MCI i helu ʻia e MoCA. Hōʻike ka laina kiko i ka MTXspeed a me ka laina paʻa MTXcorrect. Hōʻike ka laina hina i ka laina kuhikuhi o 0.5.
Papa 4
MTXka mämä holo a me MTXpololei ʻoki ʻoki a me nā kikoʻī like ʻole a me ka naʻau
| ʻOki ʻoki | Tp (#) | tn (#) | Fp (#) | Fn (#) | kikoʻī (%) | ʻIke (%) | |
| MTXka mämä holo | 1.20 | 37 | 1 | 44 | 0 | 2.2 | 100 |
| 1.10 | 36 | 7 | 38 | 1 | 15.6 | 97.3 | |
| 1.0 | 33 | 13 | 32 | 4 | 28.9 | 89.2 | |
| 0.90 | 28 | 22 | 23 | 9 | 48.9 | 75.7 | |
| 0.80 | 18 | 34 | 11 | 19 | 75.6 | 48.6 | |
| 0.70 | 9 | 41 | 4 | 28 | 91.1 | 24.3 | |
| 0.60 | 3 | 45 | 0 | 34 | 100 | 8.1 | |
| MTXpololei | 99 | 36 | 3 | 42 | 1 | 97.3 | 6.7 |
| 95 | 31 | 11 | 34 | 6 | 83.8 | 24.4 | |
| 91 | 23 | 23 | 22 | 14 | 62.2 | 51.1 | |
| 89 | 20 | 28 | 17 | 17 | 54.1 | 62.2 | |
| 85 | 16 | 42 | 3 | 21 | 43.2 | 93.3 | |
| 81 | 8 | 44 | 1 | 29 | 21.6 | 97.8 | |
| 77 | 3 | 45 | 0 | 34 | 8.1 | 100 |
tp, maikai maoli; tn, pono ole; fp, kuhi hewa; fn, kuhi hewa.
KA HOOHOLO
Ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia kēia haʻawina no ka noiʻi ʻana i ka hāmeʻa MemTrax pūnaewele, kahi hoʻāʻo CRT-based, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka MoCA ma ke ʻano he kuhikuhi. Ua koho ʻia ka MoCA no ka mea ua hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia hoʻāʻo e nānā i ka MCI. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i hoʻokumu ʻia nā ʻokiʻoki maikaʻi loa no ka MoCA [28]. ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o nā ana pākahi o MemTrax me ka MoCA e hōʻike ana i kahi hōʻike maʻalahi, pōkole, ma ka laina hiki ke hopu i kahi hapa nui o ka ʻokoʻa i ka hana cognitive a me ka hōʻino naʻau. I loko o kēia loiloi, ua ʻike ʻia ka hopena ikaika loa no ke ana wikiwiki. Ua hōʻike ke ana pololei i kahi pilina ʻoi aku ka ikaika. ʻO kahi ʻike koʻikoʻi ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia ka pilina ma waena o ka wikiwiki MTX a me nā ana pololei, e hōʻike ana e ana kēia mau ʻokoʻa i nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ke kumu. hana hana lolo. No laila, ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia kahi hōʻailona o ke kālepa wikiwiki-pololei ma waena o nā kumuhana. Eia hou, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano ʻano ʻelua no ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā waiwai ʻoki o ka hoʻāʻo hoʻomanaʻo MemTrax e ʻike ai i ka MCI. Ua hōʻike kēia mau ʻano hana no ka wikiwiki a me ka pololei o nā hopena, he helu ma lalo o nā pae o kēlā me kēia 0.87 - 91 s.-1 a ʻo 85 - 90% he hōʻailona ia e ʻoi aku ka nui o ka MCI i ka poʻe i helu ma lalo o kekahi o ia mau pae. E hōʻike ana kahi "kumu kūʻai kūʻai" i ka manawa e aʻo ʻia ai ke kanaka e nīnau i ke kauka e pili ana i ka hana ʻana i nā hoʻokolohua ʻoi aku ka nui e nānā i ka MCI [8-35].
Ma ka haʻawina i kēia manawa, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo nā kāʻei kapu "inoa", "ʻōlelo", a me "abstraction" i ana ʻia e ka MoCA i loaʻa nā pilina kiʻekiʻe loa me kekahi o nā hopena MemTrax, ʻoiai ua nāwaliwali nā correlations i ka haʻahaʻa. He ʻokoʻa kēia i ka mea i manaʻo ʻia, ʻoiai ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina mua i ka nānā ʻana i ka Mini-Mental State Exam me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka Item Response Theory, ʻo nā kāʻei kapu "hoʻomanaʻo / hoʻopaneʻe hoʻomanaʻo" a me ka "orientation" ka mea maʻalahi loa i ka AD mua [12]. Ma keia loa pae anuu o ka cognitive dysfunction, ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona MoCA o nā hemahema maʻalahi i ka inoa, ka ʻōlelo, a me ka abstraction i ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka MCI ma mua o nā ana o ka hoʻomanaʻo a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana, e like me nā ʻike mua i kahi loiloi Item Response Theory o ka MoCA [36]. Eia hou, ka ʻIke ʻia ke ana ʻo MemTrax o ka wikiwiki e hōʻike i kēia hemahema ma mua o ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana e like me ke ana ʻana e MTX (he hopena koʻikoʻi ko ke kaupaku). ʻO kēia hui hōkū o Hōʻike nā hopena i nā ʻano paʻakikī o ka pathology e hōʻike ana i ka MCI i ka lolo mua nā loli i paʻakikī ke noʻonoʻo me nā ala neurocognitive maʻalahi a hiki ke hōʻike maoli i ka holomua o ka neuropathology lalo [37].
ʻO nā kumu ikaika i kēia haʻawina ʻo ia ka nui o ka laʻana (n = 82) ma mua o ka lawa e ʻike ai i nā pilina ma waena o ka MoCA a me MTX i kēia heluna kanaka kahiko. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻokō ʻia kahi hoʻomaʻamaʻa hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā kumuhana āpau, i loaʻa i ka poʻe ʻelemākule i maʻa ʻole i ke kamepiula ke hoʻololi i ke ʻano hoʻāʻo a me nā mea hana. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka MoCA, hōʻike nā kumuhana he ʻoi aku ka leʻaleʻa o ka MemTrax e hana, ʻoiai ʻo ka MoCA i manaʻo ʻia he hoʻokolohua. ʻO ka makahiki o nā kumuhana a me ko lākou kūʻokoʻa kaiāulu i kaupalena ʻia ka manaʻo o ka nānā ʻana i kēia pūʻulu koho o nā poʻe hana kiʻekiʻe, akā ʻo kēia pūʻulu kekahi o nā mea paʻakikī loa no ka ʻike ʻana i ka hōʻino.
ʻO ka ʻike, ʻoiai i manaʻo ʻia he hoʻāʻo screening maʻamau, ʻo ka MoCA kahi hoʻāʻo no ka hōʻike ʻana i ka hiki ʻana mai o MCI, ʻaʻole he mea hana diagnostic a i ʻole kahi ana piha o ka cognitive dysfunction. No laila, pili ka hoʻohālikelike o ka MoCA a me MTX, a ua loaʻa paha i kahi ʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa i ka ʻike MCI. No laila, ʻo kahi pilikia koʻikoʻi i ka palapala ʻo ia ka hoʻāʻo e wehewehe i ka pono o ka MoCA [38], kona hōʻoia [39], ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā helu normative [40], ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me nā loiloi cognitive pōkole [41-45] , a me kona pono ma ke ʻano he mea hana hoʻomaʻamaʻa no MCI [46] (nānā ʻia e Carson et al., 2017 [28]), a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi mana uila [47]. ʻO ia mau loiloi e pili ana i ka nānā ʻana i ka naʻau a me ka kikoʻī, e hoʻohana pinepine ana i ka loiloi ROC me ke ana ʻana o ka "wahi ma lalo o ka pihi", a me ka ʻōlelo ʻana o kahi ʻoki no ka "diagnosis". Eia nō naʻe, i ka loaʻa ʻole o kekahi ala no ka hoʻoholo pono ʻana i kahi e moe ai ke kanaka ma luna o ka hoʻomau o ka hōʻino haʻahaʻa, me ka loli nui o ke kumu. hana lolo ke hāʻawi nei i kēlā pōʻino, hiki i ia mau mea hana a pau ke hāʻawi wale i kahi koho probabilistic. ʻO ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā pilina ma waena o nā ana ʻokoʻa e hōʻike wale ʻia ana ke kamaʻilio pololei ʻia ke kūlana kumu, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke wehewehe pololei ʻia ke kūlana ola maoli me kēia ʻano. ʻOiai hiki ke hoʻohana pono ʻia nā loiloi pae kiʻekiʻe i loko o kahi kahua lapaʻau, ʻo ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ia pono pono e noʻonoʻo hou i nā kumu ʻehā: ka laha ʻana o ke ʻano i ka heluna kanaka; ke kumu kūʻai o ka hoʻāʻo, ke kumukūʻai o nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole, a me ka pōmaikaʻi waiwai o ka hōʻoia maikaʻi maoli [8, 35].
He poʻokela ʻO kahi ʻāpana o ka pilikia i ka loiloi ʻana iā AD a me kāna mau hemahema cognitive e pili ana, ʻaʻohe mea maoli "nā ʻanuʻu" [48], akā he hoʻomau manawa o ka holomua [8, 17, 49]. ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka "maʻamau" mai MCI ma mua o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i kekahi o kēia mau kūlana mai ka maʻalahi. pili i ka dementia me AD [50, 51]. Ke hoʻohana nei i ka manaʻo o "Modern Test Theory", e hoʻoholo ana ka pilikia ma kahi o ka continuum e hiki ai i kahi kanaka ke komo i loko o kahi pae hilinaʻi-manawa, hāʻawi ʻia i kahi helu hoʻokolohua. No ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ia mau manaʻo, pono nā loiloi ʻoi aku ka pololei ma mua o ka hāʻawi ʻia e ka hapa nui o nā hoʻokolohua cognitive pōkole, akā e like me ka mea i hāʻawi ʻia e MTX. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka pololei a me ka wehe ʻana i ka nānā ʻana me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka lolouila he kuhikuhi maikaʻi. Eia kekahi, ʻo kahi hoʻokolohua kamepiula, e like me ka MemTrax, hāʻawi i ka hiki ke loaʻa ka helu palena ʻole o nā hoʻohālikelike like, e hōʻemi nui ana i ka ʻokoʻa o ka manaʻo hōʻino. Eia hou, ma ke kumu, hiki i ka ho'āʻo kamepiula ke hoʻāʻo i ka nui o nā kāʻei kua pili i ka hoʻomanaʻo i hoʻopili ʻia e AD. ʻAʻole hoʻohālikelike kēia haʻawina i ka MTX me nā hoʻokolohua kamepiula ʻē aʻe i hana ʻia (e ʻike i ka hoʻomaka), akā ʻaʻohe o nā mea i loaʻa i kēia manawa e hoʻohana i ke ala ikaika i hāʻawi ʻia e kahi CRT. He wahi koʻikoʻi ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka hoʻāʻo kamepiula no ka nānā hou ʻana a me ke kākoʻo. ʻO ka hope, hopena aʻo hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia i loko o nā ʻikepili.
I kēia manawa, ʻaʻole i hoʻokumu ʻia ka hoʻāʻo ʻana ma ka pūnaewele pale no ka dementia, e nānā i ka pōʻino o ka naʻau, a i ʻole e hana i kekahi maʻi maʻi. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka mana a me ka hiki o kēia ala, ʻoi aku ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka CRT, e loiloi i ka hoʻomanaʻo episodic (pōkole), a he mea koʻikoʻi paha ia i nā noi o ka loiloi cognitive e hiki mai ana. ka nānā ʻana i ka dementia a me ka loiloi, ka nānā ʻana i ka huikau ma hope o ka hana ʻana, ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka mana noʻonoʻo no ka hoʻoholo ʻana, ka ʻike ʻana i nā hemahema ma hope o ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻana, a me ka manaʻo o ka pōʻino kūpono no ka palekana kaʻa. I loko o kēia haʻawina, ua hōʻike ʻia e hiki i ka MemTrax ke hopu i kahi hapa nui o ka ʻokoʻa o ka hōʻino o ka naʻau. Eia hou, hōʻike ʻia nā waiwai ʻokiʻoki no nā mea hoʻololi MTX e like me ka helu ʻoki ʻoki MoCA no MCI. No ka noiʻi e hiki mai ana, manaʻo ʻia e noiʻi i nā heluna kanaka nui a maopopo loa e hoʻokumu i ka MemTrax ma ke ʻano he mea nānā no MCI. Pono ia heluna kanaka e hoʻokomo i nā laʻana lapaʻau kahi e hiki ai ke wehewehe pono i nā pilikia diagnostic e like me ka hiki a hiki ke hahai ʻia nā kumuhana i ka manawa me MTX a me nā hoʻokolohua cognitive ʻē aʻe. Hiki i ia mau kānana ke hoʻoholo i nā ʻano like ʻole o nā trajectories o ka emi ʻana o ka cognitive, pili i ka ʻelemakule maʻamau a me nā kūlana pathological like ʻole. I ka ulu ʻana o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka lolouila a me nā registries, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻike e pili ana i nā pae o e loaʻa ana ke olakino a me ke kānalua ʻole e alakaʻi i ka hoʻomaikaʻi nui ʻana i ka mālama ola kino a me ka manaʻolana e hoʻokokoke i ka pale ʻana i nā kūlana e like me AD.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Mahalo mākou iā Anne van der Heijden, Hanneke Rasing, Esther Sinnema, a me Melinda Lodders no kā lākou hana ma kēia haʻawina. Eia hou, makemake mākou e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka MemTrax, LLC no ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā mana piha manuahi o ka hoʻāʻo MemTrax. He ʻāpana kēia hana o kahi papahana noiʻi, i kākoʻo ʻia e ka Province of Fryslân (01120657), ʻo Netherlands a me Alfasigma Nederland BV (kōkua pololei e hāʻawi i ka helu 01120657). Hoʻopuka ʻia: 12 Pepeluali 2019
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Hua'ōlelo: ʻO ka maʻi o Alzheimer, hana hoʻomau mau, dementia, ʻelemakule, hoʻomanaʻo, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa noʻonoʻo, screening
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